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  1. (Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kiee University, Korea)



HVDC IPT(Inclined plate tracking and erosion), Leakage current, Surface erosion, Thermal imaging camera, HVDC polarity

1. Introduction

์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†ก์ „์„ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน ์• ์ž๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์• ์ž๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์• ์ž๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์šด์ „ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ(hydrophobic)์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠนํžˆ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „์†ก ์†์‹ค์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ๋„ ์„ฑํ˜• ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ค‘์— ๋” ํฐ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์• ์ž๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ(surface hydrophobicity)์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์†์‹ค, ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น์— ์˜ํ•œ ํƒ„ํ™”๋กœ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ ์•„ํฌ์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์นจ์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜ฅ์™ธ์šฉ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์• ์ž์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[1-5]. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž์˜ ๋ˆˆ๋ถ€์‹  ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ HVDC ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์†ก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. HVDC ์ดˆ๊ณ ์•• ์ „์†ก์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ผ์ธ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ์• ์ž ๋ฐ Yard์šฉ station ์• ์ž ๋“ฑ์— ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉด ํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HVDCํ•˜์—์„œ ์ •์ „๊ณ„๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์• ์žํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ์–ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์• ์žํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์˜ค์†๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. T.C. Cheng and C.T. Wu[6] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ต๋ฅ˜์ „๊ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1.2~1.5๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ HVDC ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์†ก์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์• ์ž๋Š” ๋”์šฑ๋” ๋†’์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ „๋„๋„์™€ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๊ฒฌ๋””๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์• ์ž์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์นจ์‹์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์• ์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1961๋…„ Mathes and McGowan[7]์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ณตํ‘œ๋Š” ASTM D2303, ์•ก์ฒด ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฒ•, ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ ํ‰๋ฉด ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ ์นจ์‹ ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹ค์™ธ ์–ดํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น IEC 60587 ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” 1977๋…„์— ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[8].

HVDC์— ์˜ค์†๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์• ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HVDC DBA(Dry Band Arc)๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— โ€‹โ€‹๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ AC DBA๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค[9,10]. ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ DC์™€ AC ITV์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น„์œจ์€ 67%์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC ๋ฐ AC ITV ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋น„์œจ์€ 84 %์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC IPT ์ „์••์€ AC IPT ์ „์••์˜ 67%์™€ 84%์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Bossi et al.[11]๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „์••์ด ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ HVDC ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ์ „์••์ด ํ•ด๋‹น AC ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ์ „์••์˜ 75~85%๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Joseph Vimal Vas[12] ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌด์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „์••์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ ์ง๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋ฅธ IPT ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ, ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC ํ•˜์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[2]. ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „์••์—์„œ, ์–‘์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „์••์ด ์‹œํ—˜ ์ „์••์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์นจ์‹์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋” ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ˆ„์„ค ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณ ์˜จ ์•„ํฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€์‹์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์Šค(Bruce) ๋“ฑ[2]์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์–ด ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ HVDC ํ•˜์˜ ๋” ํฐ ์นจ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋” ํฐ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” IPT์—์„œ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์ „์••์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๊ณต์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ LSR(Liquid Silicone Rubber)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, AC ๊ตญ์ œ๊ทœ์ •์ธ IEC 60587์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ (ยฑ)HVDC 3.5kV์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์ธ RBL-1551โ€“55P ์›ํ˜•๊ณผ RBL-1551โ€“55P+Nano Silica_15wt%์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ IPT ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. Experiment

2.1 Materials

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์ˆ˜์ง€๋Š” XIAMETERยฎ RBL-1551โ€“55P๋กœ์„œ, ๊ณ ์ „์•• ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์•ก์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๊ณ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์•กํ˜• ํƒ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ, Cure conditions: 10minร—120ยฐC+2hrร—120ยฐC๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” hexamethyldisilazane ([(CH3)3Si]2NH)๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ Fumed Silica (AEROSILยฎ R 812S, EVONIK Industries AG), ๋‚˜๋…ธ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ํ‰๊ท  ์ž…๋„๋Š” 7nm์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ BET ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์€ 220ยฑ25m2/g์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. XIAMETERยฎ RBL- 1551 โ€“55P์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑํ‘œ

Table 1. Properties of XIAMETERยฎ RBL-1551 -55P

Test Method*

Property

Unit

Value

As supplied

Appearance

Translucent or grey

Solids content

%

100

Viscosity (Y=10.0s-1

mPas

60,000

As cured

D792

Specific gravity

g/cm3

1.09

D2204

Hardness

Shore A

42

D412

Tensile strength

MPa

6.8

D412

Elongation at break

%

472

D624B

Tear strength

kN/m

31

IEC 60093

Volume resistivity

Ohm.cm

1.00E+15

IEC 60250

Dielectric constant

2.8

IEC 60250

Dissipation factor

0.01

IEC 60587

Tracking resistance

1A4.5

IEC 60243

Dielectric strength

kV/mm

30

2.2 SiR/Nano Silica Composites Preparation

ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์ˆ˜์ง€(RBL-1551โ€“55P)100g๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด 15wt%์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๋น„๋กœ์„œ ํŒŒ์šฐ๋”๋ฅผ ์ž์ „๊ณต์ „์‹ ๋ฏน์„œ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ , ์ง„๊ณต๊ณผ ์˜จ๋„ 120โ„ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ 2mm ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ณต์ „์ž์ „ ๊ต๋ฐ˜ ์ „๋‹จ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์€ ์ง„๊ณต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ•˜์—์„œ 3์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ํ›„ 2์•กํ˜• ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ™”์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑํ˜•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. IPT(Inclined Plate Tracking and Erosion Test)์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ์„œ 50ร—1250ร—6mm์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ(RBL-1551โ€“55P: ์›ํ˜•, RBL- 1551โ€“55P+Nano Silica_15wt%) ์ถฉ์ง„๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผœ HVDC ์ดˆ๊ณ ์••์šฉ ์• ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ก์ƒ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2.3 HVDC์šฉ, Tracking and Erosion ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜

ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ „๊ทน์ด ํŽธํ‰ํ•œ ์ง์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ (KS C IEC 60587)์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HVDC ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน์— ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ €ํ•ญ(1,10,22,33๏ฝ‹ฮฉ) ์ค‘ 22, 33kฮฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ์ „์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน์€ ์ ‘์ง€์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. HVDC ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ƒ๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์— ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ ์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์€ ์ ‘์ง€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[8].

์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์€ ์ธก์ • ์ƒ˜ํ”Œํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์— ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋„ 45 ยฐ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน ์•„๋ž˜์— ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์—ฌ๊ณผ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์† ๋ฌผ์งˆ (ํƒˆ์ด์˜จ์ˆ˜+NH4Cl+๋น„๋ˆ„์ œ์ธ Triton X-100์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์˜ค์†์•ก)์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜ค์† ์•ก์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๋ฐ”์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „๊ทน์‚ฌ์ด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์•„๋žซ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ•„ํ„ฐ์šฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์€ ๋Œํ•‘์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ์—†์ด ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ๋ฅด๋„๋ก ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ฐญ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ •๋œ ์ „๊ทน๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 50mm๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ ๋˜๋Š” ์„ฌ๊ด‘(scintillation) ์ฆ‰, ๊ฑด์กฐ๋Œ€์•„ํฌ(Dry Band Arc) ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋„๋ก HVDC ยฑ3.5kV๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค[4][16]. ์ „์••์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์— ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์œ ์†์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ –์Œ์„ฑ(wetting)๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์ „(scintillation)์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ(hydrophobic) ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํ•ญ R1์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด๋ฉฐ, R2๋Š” ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ„์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค. IEC 60587์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ค์†์•ก์˜ ์ „๋„๋„๋Š” 2.5mS/cm๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์— ์ „์••(์ •๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ)์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  HVDC 3.5kV์—์„œ๋Š” 0.3ml/min์œ ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ HVDC์ „์••์€ 3.5kV๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Tracking and Erosion์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œํ‘œ์ฅฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, AC ๊ตญ์ œ๊ทœ์ •์ธ IEC 60587๊ทœ์ •์— AC๋Œ€์‹  DC ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๊ทน์„ฑ๋งŒ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ fail ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ 60mA/2s ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ pass์˜ ๊ทœ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. HVDC์šฉ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Fig. 1. Tracking and erosion system for HVDC

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig1.png

ํ‘œ 2. IEC 60587 ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ทœ์ •(ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹)

Table 2. IEC 60587 International Regulations (Tracking and Erosion)

์‹œํ—˜์ „์•• (kV)

์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์ „์•• [kV]

์˜ค์†์•ก ์œ ์† (ml/min)

์ง๋ ฌ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ[๏ฝ‹$/Omega$]

3.0~3.75

3.5

0.3

22

2.4 Measuring System

2.4.1 Leakage Current

๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ • ์žฅ์น˜์ธ Datatec์‚ฌ, SEFRAM/ DAS60์œผ๋กœ 6์ฑ„๋„, ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์ˆ˜ 400Hz ์ด์ƒ, 14๋น„ํŠธ resolution, 1Ms/s sampling rate, 100kHz bandwidth ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  DC, AC+DC RMS voltage measurement์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ฝ”๋”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ๊ณต๋œ Seframviewer๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ • ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํš๋“ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋ง ์œจ์€ 100ฮผS๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1์ดˆ์— 10,000ํฌ์ธํŠธ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. 1๋ถ„์ด๋ฉด 60๋งŒ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด 10kHz์ด๋‹ค. 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 1๋ถ„์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก 60๋งŒ ํฌ์ธํŠธ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํŽ„์Šค์ง„ํญ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ ์ธก์ •ํŽ„์Šค์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. SEFRAM/DAS60 ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ •์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Fig. 2. SEFRAM/DAS60 Leakage Current Measurement System

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig2.png

2.4.2 Thermo Imager(์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ)

ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ(Thermo Imager)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ TI-45FT-20์ด๊ณ , ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ๋Š” FLUKE ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜จ๋„๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” โ€“20~600โ„ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋Šฅ์€ 0.1โ„ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋Š” ยฑ2โ„ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ํ™”์†Œ 1280*1024 ํ™”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” 1๋ถ„์— 1ํšŒ ์ธก์ •์˜จ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋Š” Smart View 3.14 ๋ฒ„์ „ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฒดํฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์ธก์ •์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Fig. 3. Measurement system of thermal imaging cameras

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig3.png

2.4.3 Camcorder ๋ฐ ์ „์ž์ฒœ์นญ

์˜์ƒ์ดฌ์˜์€ Sony HDR-CX240E HD Flash Camcorder๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นจ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด OHAUS์‚ฌ, Adventurer๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์ˆซ์  4์ž๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์ž์ฒœ์นญ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. Result and Discuss

3.1 ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น๊ณผ ์นจ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜จ๋„, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์˜์ƒ

3.1.1 RBL_55P Original Composites / HVDC_3.5kV / Positive and Negative

3.1.1.1 Positive Polarity

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4~๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6์—์„œ๋Š” Dow Corning ์‚ฌ(RBL-1551- 55P) ๋น„์ค‘(1.09)์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์ˆ˜์ง€๋กœ์„œ, (+)HVDC_3.5kV์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šต์œคํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ –์Œ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 1.73~2.96mA์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค[17]. 28๋ถ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์งํ›„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋•Œ 21.02mA์˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ๋‹น๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น๊ณผ ์นจ์‹์ด ์ง€์†๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฃผ์šธ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๊ณ [4], ์ƒ์Šน๋œ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์—ดํ™”์ƒ๊ณ„์ธก์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ 370โ„ƒ ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 500~700โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค[4]. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—ดํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์—์„œ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์นœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ํ˜‘๊ณก(์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธธ)์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์นจ์‹์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6(b)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์ „์€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ๋”๋ธ”์–ด ์ƒ๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋™๋ฐฉ์ „(mobile discharge)์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค[17]. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5์˜ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ 3๊ฐœ์— ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5(b) ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4์˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ 3๊ฐœ ๋ชจ๋‘ 60mA/2s๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ Passํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ฐฉ์ „์ดํ›„ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 210๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์นจ์‹๋˜์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ 300๋ถ„๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด 55๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  325๋ถ„์ •๋„์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 370โ„ƒ(๊ทธ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก)์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์กด๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 303๋ถ„~358๋ถ„ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 11.01~46.97mA์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current (HVDC_3.5kV_Positive Polarity)

Fig. 4. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current (HVDC_3.5kV_Positive Polarity)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹์˜ ์˜์ƒ

Fig. 5. Image of tracking and surface erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „

Fig. 6. Surface discharge by tracking and erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig6.png

3.1.1.2 Negative Polarity

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7~๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” (-)HVDC_3.5kV์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. (-)HVDC ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ›„ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์Šต์œคํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” 27๋ถ„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 1.85~2.93mA์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ 27๋ถ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” โ€“23.45mA๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ „๊ทน์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํƒ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํฐ ํ˜‘๊ณก๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์นจ์‹์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค[6]. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น์— ์˜ํ•œ ์นจ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜จ๋„์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์šธ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์—ด์ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. 29๋ถ„~58๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 11.9~38.54mA์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋ช‡ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ „ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์งง๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 171๋ถ„~360๋ถ„(189๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ) ์‹คํ—˜๊ทœ์น™ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹คํ—˜์ข…๋ฃŒ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ธ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์ „์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•„ํฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[4]. ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ธก์ •์น˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ธ 370โ„ƒ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—ด์ ์—ดํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ€์†๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” โ€“11.97~54.6mA ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น์—ดํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์นจ์‹๊นŠ์ด์™€ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค[6].ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน ๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current (HVDC_3.5kV_Negative Polarity)

Fig. 7. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current (HVDC_3.5kV_Negative Polarity)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹์˜ ์˜์ƒ

Fig. 8. Image of tracking and surface erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „

Fig. 9. Surface discharge by tracking and erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig9.png

ํ‘œ 3์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด 360๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ (+)HVDC์™€ (-)HVDC ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŽ„์Šค์ˆ˜์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. (+)HVDC์—์„œ๋Š” 5mA ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŽ„์Šค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 65.3%์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ์„œ, ์นจ์‹์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 20mA ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฑด์กฐ๋Œ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•„ํฌ์„ฑ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์šธ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—ด์  ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ 25.81%์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค[2].

ํ‘œ 3. ์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํŽ„์Šค ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๊ทน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๊ทน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต

Table 3. Comparison of positive polarity and negative polarity according to current amplitude and pulse number

$ \quad \quad \quad \quad $LC

Polarity

5mA ์ดํ•˜

10~20mA

20~53.98mA

(+) HVDC

65.3%

8.89%

25.81%

(-) HVDC

38.07%

1.38%

60.55%

(-)HVDC์—์„œ๋Š” 5mA ์ดํ•˜๋Š” 38.07%์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  20~53.98mA ์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 60.55%์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋งŒ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ๋Š” (-)HVDC๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ‘œ 4์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์นจ์‹์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, (+)HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†์‹ค ์นจ์‹๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 3๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์นจ์‹๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ 1.22g์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , (-)HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.937g์œผ๋กœ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค (+)HVDC ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. (-)HVDC๊ฐ€ (+)HVDC๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค[3,13].

ํ‘œ 4. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ์นจ์‹ ์†์‹ค์ค‘๋Ÿ‰

Table 4. Erosion Loss Weight due to Tracking and Erosion

HVDC Voltage & Polarity

Types of Sample

Sample Number

A[g]

B[g]

C[g]

Average

3.5 kV_Positive

Dow Corning, RBL_1551_55P SiR

1.17

1.93

0.55

1.220

3.5 kV_Negative

Dow Corning, RBL_1551_55P SiR

1.38

0.73

0.68

0.937

3.5 kV_Positive

Dow Corning, RBL_1551_55P/nano silica_15wt%

2.22

0.54

3.22

1.998

3.5 kV_Negative

Dow Corning, RBL_1551_55P/nano silica_15wt%

0.88

0.43

0.31

0.547

3.1.2 RBL_55P Original+Nano Silica_15wt% Composites/ HVDC_ 3.5kV /Positive and Negative

3.1.2.1 Positive Polarity

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10~๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12์—์„œ๋Š” Dow Corning ์‚ฌ (RBL-1551-55P) ๋น„์ค‘(1.09)์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์ˆ˜์ง€์— ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด 15wt%์„ ์ถฉ์ง„๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚จ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(+) HVDC_3.5kV์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. (+)HVDC ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ›„ 28๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ฒซ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์€ 16.02mA๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฐฉ์ „์ƒํƒœ์ธ 28๋ถ„ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์Šต์œคํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 1.12~1.73mA์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ฐฉ์ „๊ฐœ์‹œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜(69๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ)์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ด์–ด์กŒ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 15.02~48.44mA์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ 3๊ฐœ๋ฅผ (+)HVDC 3.5kV๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11์˜ ์นจ์‹๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10 ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11(b)์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์นจ์‹๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ‘œ 4์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3๊ฐœ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ์†์‹ค์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ท ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5(b)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 0.54g์œผ๋กœ 69๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ ํ›„ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด 98๋ถ„ ์ดํ›„ ํƒ„ํ™”๋ฌผ์ด ์Œ“์ด๊ณ  ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํŽŒํ•‘๋  ๋•Œ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค[13,15]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11(a)~๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11(c)์˜ ์นจ์‹๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current (HVDC_3.5kV_Positive Polarity)

Fig. 10. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current (HVDC_3.5kV_Positive Polarity)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig10.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹์˜ ์˜์ƒ

Fig. 11. Image of tracking and surface erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig11.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „

Fig. 12. Surface discharge by tracking and erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig12.png

3.1.2.2 Negative Polarity

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13~๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15์—์„œ๋Š” Dow Corning ์‚ฌ(RBL-1551-55P) ๋น„์ค‘(1.09)์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์ˆ˜์ง€์— ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด 15wt%์„ ์ถฉ์ง„๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚จ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์— (-) HVDC_3.5kV์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์˜์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. (-)HVDC ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ›„ 25๋ถ„์—์„œ ์ฒซ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์€ -18.98mA๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด๋ฐฉ์ „์ƒํƒœ์ธ 25๋ถ„ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์Šต์œคํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 1.08~ 1.54mA์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ฐฉ์ „๊ฐœ์‹œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 360๋ถ„ ์ข…๋ฃŒ์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฑด์กฐ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋„์ „์„ฑ ์˜ค์†์•ก์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋กœ์ธํ•œ ์ฃผ์šธ์—ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์•„ํฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ดํ™”์ƒ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์˜จ๋„ 370โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” โ€“15.29~-47.63mA๋กœ์„œ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์ด ๊ฐ€์†๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์ง„์ ์ธ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ์—ด์ ์—ดํ™” ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[14,15]. ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ (+)HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ (-)HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ค์†์•ก์ด ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[16].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current ( HVDC_3.5kV_Negative Polarity)

Fig. 13. Tracking and Erosion์˜ Leakage Current ( HVDC_3.5kV_Negative Polarity)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig13.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹์˜ ์˜์ƒ

Fig. 14. Image of tracking and surface erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๋ฐฉ์ „

Fig. 15. Surface discharge by tracking and erosion

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2019.68.2.326/fig15.png

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (-)HVDC ๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋™๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 4์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹์˜ (+)HVDC์™€ (-)HVDC์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์นจ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด (+)HVDC๊ฐ€ (-)HVDC๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์นจ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ (+)HVDC ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ RBL-1551-55P/๋‚˜๋…ธ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด_15wt%์„ ์ถฉ์ง„๋ถ„์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚จ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ RBL-1551-55P๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด ์ถฉ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž…์ž์™€ ์‘์ง‘๋œ ์ž…์ž์˜ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์†Œ ๋ณด์ด๋“œ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค[12,13,15].

4. Conclusion

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” HVDC ์ดˆ๊ณ ์••์šฉ ์• ์ž์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Dow Corning ์‚ฌ RBL-1551-55P์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, 2์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. RBL-1551-55P ์›ํ˜•๊ณผ RBL-1551-55P/ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์นด 15wt% ์ถฉ์ง„๋œ ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ IPT ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ (+)HVDC์™€ (-)HVDC ๊ทน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์˜ pass ๋ฐ fail์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, AC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ IEC 60587์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ AC๊ทœ์ •์˜ ์ „์••๋งŒ HVDC์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ทœ์ •์„ IEC 60587์ค€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์ธ RBL-1551-55P ์›ํ˜• ์ œํ’ˆ, RBL-1551- 55P/nano silica_15wt% ์ถฉ์ง„๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ฝคํฌ์ง€ํŠธ์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ (+) HVDC 3.5kV, (-)HVDC 3.5kV์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 60mA/2s ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 6์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด pass ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‘˜์งธ, (+)HVDC์™€ (-)HVDC์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ, ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ (-)HVDC๊ฐ€ (+)HVDC๋ณด๋‹ค ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํŽ„์Šค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ์นจ์‹๊นŠ์ด์™€ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, (+)HVDC๊ฐ€ (-)HVDC๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์—์„œ (-)HVDC๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ์นจ์‹์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์…‹์งธ, (-)HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์— ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜์นจ์‹์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋™๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ์ ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ (+)HVDC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๊ฐœ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์ด๋™๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ถ€์ „๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋„ท์งธ, ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ๊ท ์งˆํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ž…์ž์™€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์ˆ˜์ง€์™€์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ‚น ๋ฐ ์นจ์‹์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2018๋„ ์ค‘๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๋ฐ• ์žฌ ์ค€ (Jae-Jun Park)
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1985๋…„ ๊ด‘์šด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™์‚ฌ

1987๋…„ ๊ด‘์šด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ

1993๋…„ ๊ด‘์šด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ

1997๋…„~ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘๋ถ€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜

E-mail : jjpark@joongbu.ac.kr