• ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐํ•™ํšŒ
Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
  • COPE
  • kcse
  • ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ
  • ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์ธ์šฉ์ƒ‰์ธ
  • Scopus
  • crossref
  • orcid

  1. (Electricity Power Research Centre, Korea Power Exchange, Korea.)



Operational Reserves, Unit Commitment, Dispatch Planning, Day-ahead, Frequency Control, Kernel Density

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์žฌํ™”์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ท ํ˜•์ด ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ €์žฅ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋งˆ๋•…์น˜ ์•Š์•„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœ์‹œ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ท ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‹œ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 60Hz๋กœ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์—๋Š” ยฑ 0.2Hz ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(1). ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํƒˆ๋ฝํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜์ธ 60Hz๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณต๊ตฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณ€๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์ž๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ๋™์ž‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œ ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ, 2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ, 3์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์ž๋Š” ๋งค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ์ •๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ ์šด์ „์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด ํ•„์š”๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์šด์˜๊ทœ์น™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(2).

ํ‘œ 1. ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์šด์˜๊ธฐ์ค€(2)

Table 1. Types and operation standards of operational reserves

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

ํ™•๋ณด๋Ÿ‰

๊ธฐ์ˆ ์š”๊ฑด

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

700MW ์ด์ƒ

5๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด ์‘๋™, 30๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์œ ์ง€

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜

ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,000MW ์ด์ƒ

10์ดˆ ์ด๋‚ด ์‘๋™, 5๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์œ ์ง€

2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,400MW ์ด์ƒ

10๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด ์‘๋™, 30๋ถ„ ์ด์ƒ ์œ ์ง€

3์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,400MW ์ด์ƒ

30๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด ์‘๋™ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ Ela et al.(2011)์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ๊ฐ regulation reserve์™€ contingency reserve์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋ฉฐ contingency reserve๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ 1์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ, 2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ, 3์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค(3). ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋‹น์ดˆ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ •์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐยท๋Œ€์ฒด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ๋ฏธ NERC(Noth America Electric Reliability Corporation)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ regulation, frequency response reserve, spinning reserve, non-spinning reserve, supplemental reserve๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ UCTE(Union for Coordination of Trans- mission of Electricity)๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ primary control reserve, secondary reserve, tertiary reserve๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๋น„๊ต

Table 2. Comparison of regional operational reserves classification

NERL

regulation reserve

contingency reserve

primary

secondary

tertiary

ํ•œ๊ตญ

๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ „

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ •์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

๋Œ€๊ธฐยท๋Œ€์ฒด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ›„

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด

์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

3์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

๋ฏธ๊ตญ NERC

regulation reserve

frequency response reserve

spinning reserve

non-spinning reserve

supplemental reserve

์œ ๋Ÿฝ UCTE

secondary control reserve

primary control reserve

secondary control reserve

tertiary control reserve

ํ‘œ 2๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์„ค๋œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ regulation reserve๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ƒ์‹œ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ 2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์ž์ธ ENTSO-E์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ ์„ค๋น„๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ€๋™์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ FCR(Frequency Containment Reserves)๊ณผ FRR(Frequency Restoration Reserve) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ • ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™•์ •์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(4). ์ด์ค‘ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ N-1 ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์žฅํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. FCR ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •์œ„ํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•(4)

Fig. 1. Probabilistic approach for FCR dimensioning

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig1.png

์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์—์„œ๋„ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์‚ฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2017๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ค‘ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ถ”์ข… ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ(regulation reserve) ์‚ฐ์ •์— ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 2016๋…„ 5๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ณ€๋™๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ณ€๋™๋Ÿ‰์˜ 99% ๋ณ€์œ„ ๊ฐ’์ธ 670MW์„ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(5). ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3. ๊ธฐ์กด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต(5)

Table 3. Comparison of existing classification and the result of KPX research

๊ธฐ์กด๋ฐฉ์‹

์ œ์•ˆ ๋ฐฉ์‹

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ •์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,670MW

๋ถ€ํ•˜์ถ”์ข…

670MW

ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ

1์ฐจ ์‘๋‹ต

1,000MW

์ƒ์ • ๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ

2์ฐจ ์‘๋‹ต

1,400MW

๋Œ€๊ธฐยท๋Œ€์ฒด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

2,800MW

๋Œ€์ฒด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,400MW

์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ณ ์‹œ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์šด์˜๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ •์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ โ€œํ‰์ƒ ์‹œ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅโ€์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธ‰์ „์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋™์ •์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ์šด์˜๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์šด์˜๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹œ์žฅ์šด์˜๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ตœ์†Œ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ธฐ์ค€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„์ธ 4,500MW๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ 5,500MW ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋‹น์ผ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰์ „์›์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋™์ •์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ENTSO-E ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ์šด์˜๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ 2030๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์†Œ์š”๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์‚ฐ์ • ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์š”์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 5์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ •

์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 700MW์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ 2017๋…„๋„์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ณ€๋™๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜์š”์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„ ๋งค๋…„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์กฐ์ •์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 5๋ถ„ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. 5๋ถ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ณ€๋™๋ถ„ ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๊ทธ๋žจ

Fig. 2. Histogram of 5 minute variation of load

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig2.png

๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 5๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™๋ถ„์€ ์ข…๋ชจ์–‘ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์•ž์—์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค๋…„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ค‘ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1)
\begin{align*} \triangle Ramp_{5\min ,\:t}= Demand_{5\min ,\:t}- Demand_{5\min ,\:t-1}\\ \\ \triangle n Ramp_{5\min ,\:t}=\dfrac{\triangle Ramp_{5\min ,\:t}}{Daily Peak} \end{align*}

์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ 5๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ Rosenblatt(1956)์™€ Parzen(1962)์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ KDE(kernel density estimation)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(6)(7).

(2)
$\hat f_{h}(x)=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}K_{h}\left(x-x_{i}\right)=\dfrac{1}{nh}\sum_{i=1}^{n}K_{h}\left(\dfrac{x-x_{i}}{h}\right)$

๋˜ํ•œ ์ปค๋„ํ•จ์ˆ˜ Kh๋กœ๋Š” Gaussian ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Silverman(1986)์ด ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ rule of thumb์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ h๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(8).

(3)
\begin{align*} K_{h}(x)=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}e^{-\dfrac{1}{2}x^{2}}\\ \\ h =\left(\dfrac{4\hat\sigma^{5}}{3n}\right)^{\dfrac{1}{5}}\approx 1.06\hat\sigma n^{-\dfrac{1}{5}} \end{align*}

ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ 5๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™์œจ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 99% ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ’์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์˜ 0.8% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์—ฐ๋„์ธ 2016๋…„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์น˜์ธ 85,183MW์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์•ฝ 680MW๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ 2018๋…„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์ธ 92,478MW์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด 740MW ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์‹œ 8์ฐจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš ์ƒ์˜ 2030๋…„ ์—ฐ์ค‘ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ˆ˜์š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋ง์น˜ 100,498MW์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด(9), 2030๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 800MW ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทœ์น™์ƒ์˜ 700MW ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์•ฝ 100MW ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ 5๋ถ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ณ€๋™์œจ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 3. Probability distribution of standardized 5 minute load variation

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig3.png

3. ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์š”์ธ๋ณ„ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ •

5๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์ „ ์‹œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ํ•˜์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ENTSO-E๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™ ์™ธ์— ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ, ์ˆ˜์š” ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค์ฐจ, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ๋“ฑ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ •์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ ๋น„๊ต(4)

Fig. 4. Comparison of imbalance types

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig4.png

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ทœ์น™ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ์žฅ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ์„ค๋น„ ๊ณ ์žฅ์—๋งŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š”์™€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค.

3.1 5๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ํŽธ์ฐจ ๋Œ€์‘ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์€ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋™์ •์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ์šด์˜๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์—ญ์‹œ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธ‰์ „์šด์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค 5๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ธ‰์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ED(Economic Dispatch)๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(EMS, Energy Management System)์—์„œ ๋งค 4์ดˆ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ œ์–ด์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์กฐ์ •์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์šด์˜๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ 5๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ธ‰์ „, 4์ดˆ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ 5๋ถ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 5. Comparison of hourly load and 5 minute load

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig5.png

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ENTSO-E์—์„œ๋Š” deterministic imbalance ๋˜๋Š” deterministic frequency deviation ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ENTSO-E์™€ EURELECTRIC์ด ๊ณต๋™ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋‹จํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฐœ ์†๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(10). ENTSO-E๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ 30๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฐœ ๊ณ„ํš ๋˜๋Š” 15๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ณ„๋‹จํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฐœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ •์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(11).

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์€ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ณ„๋‹จํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ธ‰์ „(self-dispatch)ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์•™์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์•™๊ธ‰์ „(central dispatch) ์ฒด์ œ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜์ž์˜ ๊ธ‰์ „์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ EMS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„t์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„t+1์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์ฆ๋ฐœ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์‹ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ENTSO-E์˜ 30๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ๋ฐœ๊ณ„ํš ์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ์„ ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ 5๋ถ„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์š” ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 6. Comparison of linearized hourly load and 5 minute load

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig6.png

๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ๋Š” ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, deterministic deviation์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์ • ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ๋Œ€์‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์šด์ „์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์•ž ์žฅ์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ KDE๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ„ ํŽธ์ฐจ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 2์žฅ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 5๋ถ„ ์ˆœ์‹œ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•˜์— ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜์š”๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•˜์— ์ถ”์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ฐจ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ  99% ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์•ฝ 1.4% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ 2030๋…„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋ง์น˜์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด 2030๋…„ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•ฝ 1,400MW๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ 2030๋…„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ 800MW๋ณด๋‹ค 600MW ์ •๋„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ฐจ ๋Œ€์‘ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ 5๋ถ„ ๋‚ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‘๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์šด์˜๊ทœ์น™์—์„œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์™ธ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ 5๋ถ„ ๋‚ด ์‘๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ธ 2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, 2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ž ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์„ค๋น„๊ณ ์žฅํ™•๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ENTSO-E ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์„ ํ˜•ํ™”์ˆ˜์š” ๋Œ€๋น„ 5๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ฐจ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 7. Probability distribution of standardized 5 minute load deviation from linearized hourly load

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig7.png

3.2 ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค์ฐจ ๋Œ€์‘ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 2018๋…„ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก ํ‰๊ท  ์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ์ด 1.13% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด(12), ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ ์šด์˜๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์š” ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 5,993MW๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๋‹ค์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ KDE ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ  1% ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณผ์†Œ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์•ฝ 3.7% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ 8์ฐจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ 2030๋…„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ˆ˜์š” 100,498MW์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ์•ฝ 3,700MW ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 8. Probability distribution of standardized load forecasting error

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig8.png

๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ถœ๋ ฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ8์ฐจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ 2030๋…„ 33,530MW์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์šฉ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ์ˆœ๋ถ€ํ•˜ net load ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ถœ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ฐจ๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. IEA๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜(13), ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹น๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ Gil(2015)์€ ์น ๋ ˆ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ธ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋น„์ค‘์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐœ์ „๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋‚˜, ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณด์กฐ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์•ˆ์ •๋„ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(14). Wu et al.(2015) ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์• ๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(15).

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋น„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” nMAE(normalized mean absolute error)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์†Œ์˜ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” 2018๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 4๏ฝž5% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

(4)
$n"M"A"E" =\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{t=1}^{n}\left | y_{t}-\hat y_{t}\right | / "\cap ac y"$

๊น€์™„์ˆ˜โ€ค์กฐํ•˜ํ˜„(2019)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์šด์˜๊ทœ์น™ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ persistence ๋ชจํ˜• ๋Œ€๋น„ nRMSE(normalized root mean square error) ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 10.44%p ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(16).

(5)
$$n R M S E=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n} \sum_{t=1}^{n}\left(y_{t}-\hat{y}_{t}\right)^{2}} / \max \left(y_{t}\right)$$

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊น€์™„์ˆ˜โ€ค์กฐํ•˜ํ˜„(2019)์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 2016๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด KDE๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ์„ค๋น„๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ชจํ˜• ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ์œจ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 9. Probability distribution of standardized PV forecasting error

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig9.png

๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 1% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์˜ˆ์ธก ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์•ฝ 8.5% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ8์ฐจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ณ„ํš์˜ 2030๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์‚ฌ์—…์šฉ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์„ค๋น„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ธ 33,530MW์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ฝ 2,850MW์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

4. ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ •

์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „์— ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋™์ •์ง€ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šด์˜๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š” ์š”์†Œ์ธ 5๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์š”ํŽธ์ฐจ์™€ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ถœ๋ ฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณฑ(convolution)์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(6)
$(f\ast g)(x)=\int_{R^{d}}f(y)g(x-y)dy =\int_{R^{d}}f(x-y)g(y)dy$

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ „ ์†Œ์š” ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ๋„์ถœ

Fig. 10. Derivation of probability distribution of the day-ahead reserves

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/fig10.png

์ด์ค‘ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋น„๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์˜ค์ฐจ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ 2030๋…„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์„ค๋น„๊ณ„ํš๋Ÿ‰์ธ 33,530MW๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ 2030๋…„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋ง์น˜์ธ 100,498MW ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ž‘์—… ํ›„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ  1% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์˜ 7.5% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ 2030๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์•ฝ 7,500MW ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ ์„ 95% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ์†Œ์š” ์šด์ „์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ์˜ 5.0% ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” 2030๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 5,000MW๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ”์ •๋œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์ •์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œ์š”์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ„์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋  ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณด์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์—์„œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ณด๋œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ค๊ธ‰์ „ ์ƒํ™ฉ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ธ‰์ „์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” 5๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์–ด ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ 800MW ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ท ํ˜• ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ์ •์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์ •์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฐ„์˜ ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ 1,400MW์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ 3,600๏ฝž6,100MW๋Š” 30๋ถ„ ๋‚ด์— ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ 3์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹น์ผ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๋‹น์ผ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์€ 1,400MW๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹น์ผ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์กฐ์ •์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์šด์˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ฒด์ œํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰

Table 4. Scale of the reserves under the multi-layer planning in normal state

๊ตฌ๋ถ„

ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš

๋‹น์ผ ์žฌ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ

์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธ‰์ „

์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

800MW

2์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

1,400MW + ฮฑ(์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ณ ๋ ค)

1,400MW

3์ฐจ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ

6,100MW (1%)

1,400MW + ฮฑ

1,400MW

3,600MW (5%)

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์˜ ์‹œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์šด์˜์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์š” ์‹œ์ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ์ ๋ณ„ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”์ •์€ ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š” ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 1% ๋ฐ 5% ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ™•๋ฅ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ œ์–ด์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์€ 2030๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 800MW ์ •๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ 5๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธ‰์ „์‹ค์  ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 2030๋…„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์•ฝ 1,400MW ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ 5๋ถ„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ธ‰์ „ ํŽธ์ฐจ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 2030๋…„ 5,000โˆผ7,500MW๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์— ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์šด์ „์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ์™ธ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์†Œ์š”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์™ธ์˜ ํ’๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜ ESS ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ์„ค๋น„๊ณ ์žฅ ํ™•๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์†Œ์š”์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ถ”์ •๊ณผ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์‹œ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ์™€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ถ”์ •๋œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ESS๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ’๋ ฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ์˜ˆ์ธก์˜ค์ฐจ, ESS ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ณ€๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ๋น„๋ ฅ ์‚ฐ์ •์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

References

1 
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, 2019, Standard for reliability and electrical quality of power systemGoogle Search
2 
Korea Power Exchangee, 2019, Electricity Market RuleGoogle Search
3 
E. Ela, M. Milligan, B. Kirby, 2011, Operating Reserves and Variable Generation : A comprehensive review of current strategies, studies, and fundamental research on the impact that increased penetration of variable renewable generation has on power system operating reserves, National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoogle Search
4 
ENTSO-E, 2013, Supporting Document for the Network Code on Load Frequency Control and ReservesGoogle Search
5 
Korea Power Exchange, Korea Electric Power Corporation, 2017, The study on the standards and guidelines for the operating reserveGoogle Search
6 
M. Rosenblatt, 1956, Remarks on Some Nonparametric Estimates of a Density Function, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 832-837DOI
7 
E. Parzen, 1962, On Estimation of a Probability Density Function and Mode, The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 1065-1076Google Search
8 
B. W. Silverman, 1986, Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis, Chapman & Hall/CRCGoogle Search
9 
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 2017, The 8th Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity Supply and DemandGoogle Search
10 
ENTSO-E, EURELECTRIC, 2011, Deterministic frequency deviations - root causes and proposals for potential solutionsGoogle Search
11 
ENTSO-E, EURELECTRIC, 2012, Deterministic frequency deviations - 2nd stage impact analysisGoogle Search
12 
Ministry of Economy and Finance, 2019, Quasi-Government Agency Management Performance Evaluation Report: Year 2018Google Search
13 
International Energy Agency, 2017, Getting Wind and Sun onto the Grid: A Manual for Policy Makers, IEA Insights Series 2017Google Search
14 
E. Gil, 2015, Power system reliability impacts of wind generation and operational reserve requirements, Ingenierรญa e Investigaciรณn, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 82-88DOI
15 
J. Wu, A. Botterud, A. Mills, Z. Zhou, B. Hodge, M. Heaney, 2015, Integrating solar PV (photovoltaics) in utility system operations: Analytical framework and Arizona case study, Energy, Vol. 85, pp. 1-9DOI
16 
Wan-Soo Kim, Ha-Hyun Jo, 2019, Application of Regional Weather Factors on the PV Generation Modeling for Improving Forecast Accuracy, The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 68, No. 11, pp. 1304-1311Google Search

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€์™„์ˆ˜(Wan-Soo Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/au1.png

He received the B.S. in computer science from Kyungwon University, the M.B.A. from Helsinki School of Economics and the M.A. in economics from Yonsei University.

He currently works for Korea Power Exchange.

์˜ฅ๊ธฐ์—ด(Ki-Youl Ok)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/au2.png

He received the B.S. in electrical engineering from Seoul National University, and the M.E in electrical engineering from Konkuk University.

He currently works for Korea Power Exchange.

์กฐํ•˜ํ˜„(Ha-Hyun Jo)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.6.861/au3.png

He received the B.S. and the M.A. in economics from Yonsei University.

He received his Ph.D. degree form University of Chicago, U.S. in 1987.

Currently he is a professor of the School of Economics at Yonsei University.

His research interests include macroeconomics, energy environment economics.