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  1. (Korea Railroad, Korea)
  2. (KTM Engineering Inc, KCBM.kr, Korea)



Strain Gauge, Electrical Railway, Train Velocity, Electrical Resistance, Maintenance

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฐจ์˜ ์Šน์ฐจ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์ผ(rail)์€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ํ™”์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(1-3). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒ ๋„์˜ ๊ณ ์†ํ™”, ์—ฌ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ™”๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์†ก๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ถค๋„์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์— ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ ˆ์ผ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋™์  ์ฐจ๋ฅœํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถ•์ค‘ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ถค๋„์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ข…๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ํ•˜์ค‘์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์† ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์†์„ 2.5 m/s2 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ ˆ์ผ์€ ์ฃผ์œ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์—ด์ฐจ์šดํ–‰ ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด์ ๊ฑฐ๋™๊ณผ ์—ด์ฐจ ํ†ต๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์‘๋ ฅ(residual stress) ํŒจํ„ด(pattern)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ํŒŒ์† ์œ„ํ—˜, ์„ ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋“ฑ ์ฒ ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ XRD (X-ray diffraction), ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ(ultrasonic), MBN(Magnetic Barkhausen Noise) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€(strain gauge) ์ธก์ •๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ Batista ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” XRD ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์€ X-ray์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด๋„ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(4). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ 30 ใŽ›์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ํ•œ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ„์„ฑ์ƒ์ˆ˜(crystal lattice)๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์ธก์ •์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(5). ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์€ ์‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋™ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์ „ํŒŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ์— ํ‰๊ท  ์‘๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๊ณผ ํŠน์ • ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค(6). ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ MBN ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์€ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ Barkhausen ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. MBN ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ํ”ผํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ’ ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์— ๊ฑธ์นœ RMS(Root Mean Square) ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ ˆ์ผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์—ดํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋งค์งˆ์˜ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ(domain) ๋ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์–ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‘๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค(7). ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ์ด ์‘๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ €ํ•ญ(electrical resistance)์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค(8). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ • ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์˜๋…ธ์„ ์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ(9), ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ์—ด์ฐจ ์†๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ €์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ „๊ธฐ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ ˆ์ผ ์‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์šดํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด์˜ ์ •๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ด๋™ ์†๋„๋ณ„ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ธก๋ฉด ์ƒ์ค‘ํ•˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ 2 km/h์™€ 20 km/h์—์„œ์˜ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ „๊ธฐ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ ˆ์ผ์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ถค๋„์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง์˜ ํž˜์ธ ์œค์ค‘๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ํ”Œ๋žœ์ง€์™€ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์œผ๋กœ ํšก์••์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‘๋ ฅ(stress)์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์‹(1)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(10,11).

(1)
$\sigma =E\times\dfrac{\delta}{l}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ฯƒ๋Š” ์‘๋ ฅ์ด๊ณ , E๋Š” ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ฮด๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ ๊ธธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  l์€ ์›๋ž˜ ๊ธธ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ฮด/l๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ „๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ํŒฉํ„ฐ(gauge factor) ๊ณต์‹์€ ์‹(2)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(12).

(2)
$K=\dfrac{\dfrac{\Delta R}{R_{G}}}{\epsilon}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, K๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ํŽ™ํ„ฐ, ฮ”R์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, RG๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ฮต๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ „๊ธฐ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •์œ„์น˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ด์ฐจ ์šดํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋Œ€์ „์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ •๋น„๋‹จ ๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ ˆ์ผ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜ ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์˜†๋ฉด์— 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๋’ค, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์™•๋ณต ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜ ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ

Fig. 1. Strain gauge installation position and wheel movement direction

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig1.png

์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ด๋™์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์ธก์ •์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ ˆ์ผ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์— Vishay Intertech.์‚ฌ์˜ 125 LW-350 ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  P3 ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๋”(recorder)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ํ‘œ 1์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

Fig. 2. Strain measurement system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig2.png

ํ‘œ 1. 125LW-350 ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์‚ฌ์–‘

Table 1. Specifications of 125LW-350 strain gages

Resistance

350 ยฑ 0.6% ฮฉ

Temperature Rang

-50ยฐC to +80ยฐC

Gage Length

3.18 mm

Overall Length

6.05 mm

Grid Width

1.78 mm

Overall Width

2.03 mm

์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์šดํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ƒ์ค‘ํ•˜, ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณ„ ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ ˆ์ผ ์˜†๋ฉด์˜ ์ƒ์ค‘ํ•˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ด์ฐจ ์šดํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋ฅœํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ƒ์ค‘ํ•˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 3. Picture of strain measurement for each rail upper, middle, and lower position

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig3.png

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์ผ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ 10 cm, 20 cm ๋ฐ 30 cm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ฉด ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์ด ๋ ˆ์ผ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  1์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 4๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘์ ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ๋ ˆ์ผ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ฉด ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 4. Picture of short-distance strain measurement on the bottom of the rail

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig4.png

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์— ๋ ˆ์ผ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ 30 cm, 50 cm ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  100 cm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ด์ฐจ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ 2 km/h์™€ 20 km/h๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ๋ ˆ์ผ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ฉด ๊ธด๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 5. Picture of long-distance strain measurement at the bottom of the rail

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig5.png

3. ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3.1 ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ƒ์ค‘ํ•˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 1)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๋ ˆ์ผ ์œ„์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐ ์™•๋ณต ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์œ„์น˜๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋กœ์ถ•์€ ์„ค์น˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ต ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋‹จ์œ„(arbitrary unit) ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ƒ๋‹จ๋ถ€์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  1์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  2, ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ธก๋ฉด ์ค‘์•™์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  3๊ณผ 4๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ์„ค์น˜์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์ธก์ •์ง€์  1์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์˜ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ธก์ •์ง€์  1๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ด์ฐจ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ธก๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€์ธ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  2์ง€์ ์ด ๋” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ๋ ˆ์ผ ์˜†๋ฉด ์ƒ์ค‘ํ•˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Fig. 6. Strain by rail side upper, middle, and lower positions

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig6.png

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด์„ ์ •๋น„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‹ค. ์ •๋น„ ์ „์˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •๋น„ ํ›„๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ์ง„๋™๊ณผ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „(a)๊ณผ ํ›„(b)์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 7. Picture before(a) and after(b) wheel tread maintenance

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ตœ์ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  2์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” 15์‹œ 44๋ถ„ 22์ดˆ์™€ 27์ดˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ์•ฝ 5% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •๋น„ ํ›„ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ท ์ผ์„ฑ์ด ์ •๋น„ ์ „ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  2์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Fig. 8. Strain of wheel before and after maintenance

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig8.png

3.2 ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์— ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์„ ์•ฝ 2 km/h์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผœ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธก์ •์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์—ด์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์šดํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ ํ™”์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ธก์ • ์ง€์  2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ธก์ •์ง€์  1๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์ด๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ์ค‘์ฒฉ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ 2 km/h ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ(c)์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ (์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ •๋น„ ์ „(a)/์ •๋น„ ํ›„(b)) ร— 100%๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •์ง€์  1์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก์ •์ง€์ ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์†๋„ 2 km/h ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Fig. 9. Rail strain at low wheel speed 2 km/h under measurement condition 2

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig9.png

ํ‘œ 2. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ 2 km/h ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Table 2. Maximum strain before and after 2 km/h wheel tread maintenance under measurement condition 2

์ธก์ •์ง€์ 

์ •๋น„ ์ „(a)

์ •๋น„ ํ›„(b)

๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ(c)

1

82

82

0%

2

39

36

-8%

3

64

62

-3%

4

86

84

-2%

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์€ ๋ ˆ์ผ ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜ ์ด๋™์†๋„๋ฅผ ์•ฝ 20 km/h๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. 2 km/h ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ •๋น„ ํ›„ ์ธก์ ์ง€์  4์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ์•ฝ 1์ดˆ ์ •๋„ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” P3 Strain Indicator์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์ง€์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3์€ ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ ์†๋„ 20 km/h์ผ ๋•Œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. 2 km/h์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ •๋น„ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  4์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก์ • ์œ„์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์™€ ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์†๋„ 20 km/h ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Fig. 10. Rail strain at high wheel speed 20 km/h under measurement condition 2

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig10.png

ํ‘œ 3. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2์—์„œ 20 km/h ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Table 3. Maximum strain before and after 20 km/h wheel tread maintenance under measurement condition 2

์ธก์ •์ง€์ 

์ •๋น„ ์ „(a)

์ •๋น„ ํ›„(b)

๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ(c)

1

82

82

0%

2

39

34

-15%

3

64

62

-3%

4

82

68

-21%

3.3 ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๊ธด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 3)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์€ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๊ธด ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ํ›„ ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์— ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์„ 2 km/h๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผœ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋ฅœ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ธก์ •์ง€์  1๊ณผ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  2๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ด๋™์‹œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ธก์ •์ง€์  3๊ณผ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  4๋Š” ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 3์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ 2 km/h ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Fig. 11. Rail strain at 2 km/h under measurement condition 3

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig11.png

ํ‘œ 4๋Š” ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 3์—์„œ ์ €์† ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ผ ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์ธก์ •(์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 2)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 4. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 3์—์„œ 2 km/h ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Table 4. Maximum strain before and after 2 km/h wheel tread maintenance under measurement condition 3

์ธก์ •์ง€์ 

์ •๋น„ ์ „(a)

์ •๋น„ ํ›„(b)

๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ(c)

1

68

64

-6%

2

92

90

-2%

3

86

84

-2%

4

54

48

-13%

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ ๊ธด ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ํ›„ ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์— ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์„ 20 km/h๋กœ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผœ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ผ ๊ธด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์„ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ(data) ์ทจ๋“ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์งง์ง€๋งŒ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 5๋Š” ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 3์—์„œ 20 km/h ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •์ง€์  2์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ธก์ •์ง€์  3์—์„œ +3%์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜ ๊ณ ์† ์ฃผํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€์™€ ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •์ง€์  4์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์€ โ€“31%๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก์ • ์ง€์  ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 3์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ 20 km/h ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Fig. 12. Rail strain at 20 km/h under measurement condition 3

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/fig12.png

ํ‘œ 5. ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด 3์—์„œ 20 km/h ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ํ›„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ 

Table 5. Maximum strain before and after 20 km/h wheel tread maintenance under measurement condition 3

์ธก์ •์ง€์ 

์ •๋น„ ์ „(a)

์ •๋น„ ํ›„(b)

๋ณ€ํ™”์œจ(c)

1

66

62

-6%

2

92

92

0%

3

64

66

+3%

4

38

29

-31%

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋‹จ๋ฉด ์ƒ์ค‘ํ•˜, ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ์ด๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ธก์ •์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋ฅ ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ผ ์ƒ๋‹จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹จ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๋‹จ๋ถ€ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์งง์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ธก์ • ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ฅœ ๋‹ต๋ฉด ์ •๋น„ ์ „๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ •๋น„ ํ›„์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ ˆ์ผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ํ‰๊ท  ์•ฝ 6% ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ฅœ์˜ ์ •๋น„ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์†์ด๋™ ์‹œ ๋ ˆ์ผ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฒ ๋„์šด์˜์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™•๋ณด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ ˆ์ผ ์‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง(real-time monitoring)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ ˆ์ผ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ๊ฒ€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์› ์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 19RTRP-B103987-06)๊ณผ ์ฒ ๋„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 21RTRP-B146008โ€“04)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

Gyu-Na Bae
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She received a B.S. degree from the college of agriculture and life science, Kyeongsang National University in 2017.

She received a M.S. degree from the department of chemical & biomolecular engineering, Yonsei U niversity in 2019.

She is currently a Chief Researcher with technology research department, Korail, Daejeon, South Korea.

Jin-Woo Kim
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/au2.png

He received a B.S. degree from department. of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology in 1996.

He received a M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from School of Mechanical Engineering Hanyang University, in 1999 and 2007, respectively.

He is currently a Senior Researcher with technology research department, Korail, Daejeon, South Korea.

Jung-Moo Yang
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/au3.png

He received a A.S. degree from department. of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Busan Institute of Science and Technology in 1998.

He received a M.S. degree from Industrial Engineering, National Institute for Lifelong Education in 2016.

He is currently a Senior Researcher with technology research department, Korail, Daejeon, South Korea.

Byung-Su Park
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/au4.png

He received a B.S. degree from department. of Mechanical System Design Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology in 1998.

He is currently a Chief Technology Officer, KTM Engineering, Seongnam Gyeonggido, South Korea.

Hyun-Il Kang
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.8.1225/au5.png

He received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea, in 2001, 2003, and 2007, respectively.

He is currently an Professor with the department of Electrical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea.

His current research interests include sensors, actuators and sensor networks.