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TiAlN, TiN, Thin Film, Buffer Layer, AIP

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

TiN์€ ๋‚ด๋งˆ๋ชจ์„ฑ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์‹์„ฑ์ด ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ธˆ๋น› ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žฅ์‹์šฉ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทผ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ์ „๊ทน ๋“ฑ ์ „์ž์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด‘ํ•™์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(1,2). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ž‘์—…์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์˜จ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฐœ์‹œ์˜จ๋„(500โ„ƒ)๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์—ด ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ TiN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด Ti1-xAlxN(3), Ti1-xZrxN(4), Ti1-xCrxN(5), TiAlBN(1) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ผ์›๊ณ„ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ Ti1-xAlxN์€ TiN์˜ Ti ๊ฒฉ์ž์ž๋ฆฌ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ Al ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ Ti1-xAlxN์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™”์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(6~8).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Ti1-xAlxN์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„ํฌ ์ด์˜จ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ…(Arc Ion Plating; AIP) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, AIP๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์–‘์ด์˜จ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 50๏ฝž5,000eV ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์žฌ์— ํฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ด์˜จ์ด ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ์žฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋˜ graded- fused interface๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ  ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(9,10). ๋˜ํ•œ, ์Šคํผํ„ฐ๋ง์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ์žฌ์˜ ์ฒญ์ •ํ™”๋กœ ๋ชจ์žฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ์ˆœ๋ฌผ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ ๋†’์€ ๋‚ด๋งˆ๋ชจํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™”ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต๊ณผ ๋ชจ์žฌ์™€์˜ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ์ฝ”ํŒ… ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์€ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ถฉ์ธต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋“ฑ๋„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธˆ์†๋ฅ˜์— TiN์„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์‹œ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ Ti๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๋ผ๋ฏน์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์†์— DLC ์ฝ”ํŒ…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ• ๋•Œ๋Š” SiC๋‚˜ TiC, Cemented carbide์— Al2O3 ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ์—๋Š” TiN, TiC๋“ฑ์ด ์ด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์žฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์€ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Ti1-xAlxN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต ์ฝ”ํŒ…์‹œ TiN(11,12) ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต๊ณผ CrN(13,14) ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, AIP ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ TiAl์˜ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ (TiAl)N ์ธต์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™”์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ TiAl, TiN, CrN์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์งˆ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” AIP ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , SEM, EDS, XRD, Micro Vickers Test, Scratch Test ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ Ar๊ณผ N2์˜ ์ˆœ๋„๋Š” 99.999[%], ํƒ€์ผ“์€ 3์ธ์น˜ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ธ Ti(99.9[%]์ˆœ๋„), Cr(99.9[%]์ˆœ๋„) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  TiAl(99.9[%]์ˆœ๋„) ํƒ€๊ฒŸ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿ‰์€ MFC(mass flow controller)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์ • ์ค‘ ์••๋ ฅ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ ํฌ๋ผ์ด์˜ค ํŽŒํ”„์™€ ๋ฉ”์ธ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ(main valve) ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋กœํ‹€ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ(throttle valve)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์Šค๋กœํ‹€ ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ผํŠธ๋ก  ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€(baratron guage)์—์„œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์••๋ ฅ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๋œ๋‹ค.

์„ธ์ฒ™์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œํŽธ(16mmฯ†ร—3mmt WC-5Co)์€ target๊ณผ 15[cm]์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์ •์„ ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„, ์ตœ์ดˆ ๋กœํƒ€๋ฆฌ ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1.0ร—10-2[Torr] ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ„ฐ๋ณด ํŽŒํ”„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 5.0ร—10-5[Torr] ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ง„๊ณต๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ง„๊ณต๋„๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ๊ณต์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ด์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ฐฉ ์ „ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”๋ง‰์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Ar 50[sccm], ๊ณต์ •์••๋ ฅ 20[mTorr], bias 900[V]์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ 20๋ถ„๊ฐ„ plasma cleaning์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, target ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ง‰์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผ ๊ณต์ •์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ Arc gun์— 60[A]์˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์…”ํ„ฐ(shutter)๋ฅผ ๋‹ซ์•„ ๋†“์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ 3๋ถ„๊ฐ„ target ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ cleaning์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์›์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค„์ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ธ์ • ํ›„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ TiAl, TiN, CrN ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ Arc gun์— ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ๋Š” 60[A]๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ฆ์ฐฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” MFC์— ์˜ํ•ด TiAl ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ Ar 50[sccm], N2 0[sccm]์ด๊ณ  TiN๊ณผ CrN์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ Ar 0[sccm], N2 50[sccm]์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 100~200[nm]์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ 5๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ์ฆ์ฐฉ ํ›„ TiAlN ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ์—๋Š” Arc gun์— ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ๋Š” 60[A]๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ฆ์ฐฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” MFC์— ์˜ํ•ด Ar 0[sccm], N2 50[sccm]์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 30๋ถ„๊ณผ 60๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์— ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ bias, ๊ณต์ •์••๋ ฅ, ์˜จ๋„ ๋“ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ํ‘œ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ TiAlN ์ฝ”ํŒ…์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ XRD๋กœ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, FESEM (S-4700, Hitachi, Japan)๊ณผ AFM(MNAFM-2, Digital instrument, USA)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ, ๋‹จ๋ฉด ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต๊ณผ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ฝ”ํŒ… ์กฐ๊ฑด

Table 1. Coating condition for Buffer layer and TiAlN thin film

Temp.

[โ„ƒ]

Pressure

[mTorr]

N2/Ar

[sccm]

Bias

[V]

Power

[A]

Time

[min]

TiAl Buffer

300

15

0/50

-100

60

5

TiN Buffer

300

15

50/0

-100

60

5

CrN Buffer

300

15

50/0

-100

60

5

TiAlN Layer

300

15

50/0

-100

60

30

or 60

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 SEM ๋ถ„์„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ WC-5Co ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์˜จ๋„ 300[โ„ƒ], ๊ณต์ •์••๋ ฅ 15[mtorr], bias 100[V], Power 50[A]์˜ ๊ณต์ •์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ TiAlN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต์˜ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ AFM 3D ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‹ค. 30๋ถ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต๊ณผ TiAl, TiN, CrN ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ์‹œํŽธ์˜ Ra(roughness average)๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ‰๊ท  54[nm], 155[nm], 28[nm], 12[nm]์ด๋ฉฐ, 60๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ TiN๊ณผ CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” Ra๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ‰๊ท  6.5[nm], 4.2[nm]๋กœ TiN, CrN ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์ด TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต๊ณผ TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ์‹œํŽธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” AIP๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ ์•„ํฌ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋ฐฉ์šธ(micro droplet)์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต๋ณด๋‹ค TiN๊ณผ CrN๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆํ™”๋ฌผํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œ์— ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. Ming-Hua Shiao(15), S.Y. Yoon(16) ๋“ฑ์€ AIP๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ์‹œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ arc์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๊ณ ์ƒ์˜ droplet๋“ค์ด ์ฆ์ฐฉ์ธต์— ์Œ“์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์—์„œ TiAlN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ

Fig. 1. Surface roughness of TiAlN top layer on different buffer layer

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.9.1321/fig1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฉด SEM ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํŽธ์˜ TiAlN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต์€ 0.8~1.8[ใŽ›] ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” 0.2[ใŽ›]๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ณต์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ TiAlN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต๊ณผ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ์ตœ์ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฉด์กฐ์ง์€ TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต๊ณผ TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ฃผ์ƒ์ • ์กฐ์ง(columnar structure)์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 3.6[ใŽ›] ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, TiN๊ณผ CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์ƒ์ • ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 1.8[ใŽ›] ์˜€๋‹ค(17,18).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์—์„œ SEM ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ˜•์ƒ

Fig. 2. SEM cross-section on different buffer layer

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.9.1321/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ SEM ๋‹จ๋ฉด ํ˜•์ƒ

Fig. 3. SEM cross-section with two buffer layers

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.9.1321/fig3.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ TiAl์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์œ„์— TiN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์‹œํŽธ๊ณผ TiN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์œ„์— TiAl์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด SEM ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด TiAl์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์œ„์— TiN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ์‹œ์ผฐ์„๋•Œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 1.8[ใŽ›]๋กœ TiAl์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 3.6[ใŽ›]์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ƒ์ • ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์„ ์‹œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ grain boundary์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ง์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ 100๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„

์„ฑ์žฅ๋œ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์˜ ์ƒ(phase)๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ X-ray diffracto- meter(Cu-Kฮฑ) ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 20๏ฝž90ยฐ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋กœ ฯ‰-2ฮธ scan ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

TiAlN์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ตฌ์กฐ์—๋Š” NaCl๊ตฌ์กฐ ์™€ Wurtzite๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  Al ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ Ti1-xAlxN์—์„œ xโ‰ฅ0.7 ์ด๋ฉด NaCl์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ Wurtzite๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค.(19,20) ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์— EDS(energy disperse spectroscopy) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. EDS ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ xโ‰’0.46๋กœ์จ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ์˜ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ NaCl๊ตฌ์กฐ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ EDS ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 4. EDS analysis of TiAlN thin film

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.9.1321/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์—์„œ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ XRD ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 5. XRD analysis of TiAlN thin film on different buffer layer

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.9.1321/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ X-ray diffraction pattern์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ NaCl ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ (111), (110)์šฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์œ„(preferred orientation)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ (200) peak์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์šฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์šฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋Š” ๊ธฐํŒ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ธต์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์„ฑ์—๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ TiAlN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต ์ค‘์—์„œ TiAl์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋œ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ (200) peak์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ TiN๊ณผ CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด (220)์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์น˜ํญ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •๋ฆฝ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ’์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

3.3 ๋ฏธ์†Œ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์ธก์ •

ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์— ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋น„์ปค์Šค ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ’์€ 30๋ถ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต์—์„œ 2756.5[Hv], TiAlN/TiAl, TiAlN/TiN, TiAlN/CrN์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2641.9[Hv], 2723.4[Hv], 2772.5[Hv]์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  60๋ถ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ TiAlN/TiN, TiAlN/CrN ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2727.6[Hv], 2752[Hv]์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ 3000๏ฝž3100Hv์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค(14). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2700[Hv]๏ฝž2800[Hv]์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์ธก์ • ์‹œํŽธ์ธ TiAlN/buffer layer ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 1.8[ใŽ›]๊ณผ 0.9[ใŽ›]์ด๋ฉฐ ์••ํ” ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.7[ใŽ›]๋กœ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰๋‘๊ป˜/์••ํ”๊นŠ์ด์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ 2.5์™€ 1.3์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ์žฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ 3000[Hv] ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰๋‘๊ป˜/์••ํ”๊นŠ์ด์˜ ๋น„๋ฅผ 5.0 ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด 3000[Hv]์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์žฌ์ธ WC-5Co ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ’์€ 92.1๏ฝž92.7[HRA]์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์—์„œ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋น„์ปค์Šค ๊ฒฝ๋„

Table 2. The result of Micro vickers hardness of TiAlN thin film on different buffer layer

TiAlN

TiAlN/TiAl

TiAlN/TiN

TiAlN/CrN

Average[Hv]

2894.321

2868.197

2836.508

2862.725

3.4 ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๊ฐ•๋„

๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ(adhesion force)์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋“ค์—๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํŒ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™์กฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋ฐ•๋ง‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐํŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ, ๊ธฐํŒ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜ ์‘๋ ฅ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ธ์ž์™€ ํ•˜์ค‘, ์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„, ๋ถ€์‹ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. TiAlN ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ด์•ฝํ•œ ์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ํฐ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์— ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋ž˜์— ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ scratch test ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋‚ด๋งˆ๋ชจ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” acoustic emission์€ adhension ํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” acoustic signal๊ณผ cohesive ํŒŒ๊ดด์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” signal, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ์žฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์ผ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” signal ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ signal์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, Hintermann(21) ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์ฐฉ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ž„๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์— ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ TiAlN์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ TiN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ์‹œ 130[N]์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” TiN์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.423[nm]์ด๊ณ  TiAlN์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ 0.423[nm]๋กœ ๊ฒฉ์ž์ƒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์žฌ์™€์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ TiN ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์ด ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต๊ณผ CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 77[N], 93[N]์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  60๋ถ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ TiN๊ณผ CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 90.5[N], 82.5[N]์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ด 20[N]์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ธต์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ(Ra)๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฒฉ์ž์ƒ์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„๋•Œ TiAlN ์ธต์€ TiAlN์ธต ํ˜น์€ ๋ชจ์žฌ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ์Šคํฌ๋ž˜์น˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•œ ์ ‘์ฐฉํŒŒ๊ดด ์ž„๊ณ„ํ•˜์ค‘ ํ‰๊ฐ€

Fig. 6. Evaluation of critical load for adhesive breakage obtained by scratch test (a) TiAlN(30min), (b) TiAlN(30min)/TiAl, (c) TiAlN(30min)/TiN, (d) TiAlN (30min)/CrN, (e) TiAlN(60min)/TiN, (f) TiAlN(60min)/CrN

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.9.1321/fig6.png

3.5 ์‚ฐํ™”๊ฑฐ๋™ ๋ถ„์„

์ ˆ์‚ญ์šฉ ๊ณต๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์— ๋งŽ์ด ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋˜๋Š” TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™”์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์˜จ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  500[โ„ƒ], 700[โ„ƒ], 900[โ„ƒ]์˜ ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๋žญ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๊ฐ ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ EDS ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์™ธ๋ถ€์ธต์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™”์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธต์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™”์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์—๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 500[โ„ƒ], 700[โ„ƒ], 900[โ„ƒ]์—์„œ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œํŽธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ EDS์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์—์„œ 500[โ„ƒ]์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , 700[โ„ƒ] ์‹คํ—˜ ์‹œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 900[โ„ƒ]์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‚ฐํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๊ณ , 900[โ„ƒ]์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์‹œํŽธ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ EDS ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ’์€ ํ‘œ 3์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด TiN, CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  TiAlN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต์„ 60๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์งˆํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์˜จ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™”์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ๊ธฐ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ EDS ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 7. EDS analysis of TiAlN thin film heat treated at each temperature in air

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.9.1321/fig7.png

ํ‘œ 3. 900[โ„ƒ]์—์„œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๊ฐ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ EDS ๋ถ„์„

Table 3. EDS analysis of the cross section of each specimen when heat treated at 900[ยฐC] for 1[hour]

C

O

N

Al

Ti

Cr

Co

W

TiAlN(30min)

47.1

31

0

8.1

12.8

0

0.4

0.6

TiAlN(30min)/TiAl

62.9

5.7

0

10.8

11.4

0

8.5

0.7

TiAlN(30min)/TiN

15.7

63.8

0

7.5

7.3

0

4.2

1.6

TiAlN(30min)/CrN

11.5

53.4

0

4.2

2.4

24.5

1.3

2.7

TiAlN(60min)/TiN

7.7

0

58.5

15.7

16.7

0

0.7

0.6

TiAlN(60min)/CrN

13.7

10.8

48.8

12

12.8

0.5

0.6

0.9

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” AIP๋ฒ•๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ WC-5Co ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์— ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์„ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœํ•˜์—ฌ TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์„ TiAl, TiN, CrN์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์‹œํ‚จ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(1) TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์€ TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต๊ณผ TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ฃผ์ƒ์ • ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 3.6[ใŽ›]์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, TiN๊ณผ CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ์ƒ์ • ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น 1.8[ใŽ›]์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ƒ์ • ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์˜€์„ ์‹œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ grain boundary์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ , ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ 100๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

(2) XRD ๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”ํŒ…์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ (111), (110)์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ (200) ์šฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ์œ„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ  TiN๊ณผ CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด (220)์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

(3) TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋œ TiAlN single layer, TiN, CrN ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์ด TiN, CrN๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆํ™”๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— TiAlN ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(4) ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฝ”ํŒ…์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ’์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 30๋ถ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ TiAlN ๋‹จ์ผ์ธต์—์„œ 2756.5[Hv], TiAlN/TiAl, TiAlN/TiN, TiAlN/CrN์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 2641.9[Hv], 2723.4[Hv], 2772.5[Hv]์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ฒฝ๋„ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  60๋ถ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ TiAlN/TiN, TiAlN/CrN์—์„œ 2727.6[Hv], 2752[Hv]์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(5) ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ TiAlN ์ธต์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต ๋ฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. TiN ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ธ 130[N]์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด TiAl ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” 20[N]์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

(6) ๊ณ ์˜จ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 500[โ„ƒ], 700[โ„ƒ], 900[โ„ƒ]๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์—์„œ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, TiN, CrN์„ ๋ฒ„ํผ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  TiAlN ์ƒ๋ถ€์ธต์„ 60๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ฝ”ํŒ…ํ•œ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 900[โ„ƒ]์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์งˆํ™”๋ฌผ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ณ ์˜จ ๋‚ด์‚ฐํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

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