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  1. (STATICWORKS Inc. Korea & Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Korea. E-mail : harry@staticworks.co.k )



electrostatic, Human body voltage, Human body resistance to ground, Static capacitive spark discharge

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์ „์ž๋‚˜ ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋„์ฒด์— ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ถ•์ฒ™๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐ์—… ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์žฅํ•ด๋‚˜ ์žฌํ•ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ „์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์พŒ๊ฐ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ง€ ์ „์œ„ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ํ˜น์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ „์œ„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋„์ฒด๋กœ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ์œ ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ (2018.05. 17, 2019.02.14)๋กœ 8๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ 00 ๋Œ€์ „ ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์€ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ๋‚ด ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ์ ‘์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋•Œ ์ •์ „ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค(1).

๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์ „์ž ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œํ™”์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์†Œ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ธต ํ˜น์€ PN์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์—๋„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค๋„ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด๋ž€, ์ˆ˜ kV์— ๋Œ€์ „ํ•œ ์ „๋„์ฒด์— ์ ‘์ง€๋œ ์ „๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ mm๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ „ ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์ •์ „ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฉ์ „์— ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ํ™” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค(2).

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์‹ค์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์œ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์‹ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ์•ก์ฒด์˜ ์œ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์— ์ ํ™”์›์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์†Œ ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐ ํญ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ๋น„ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์•• ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ(TREK542A, TREK, USA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์•• ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ์ •์ „ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ „์•• ์ธก์ •์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋กœ, ์†Œํ˜• ์ •์ „ ํ•„๋“œ ์ดˆํผ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ด์˜จํ™” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์•…์„ธ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์›Œํ‚นํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์•„๋‹ตํƒ€ ํ‚คํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•ด์„œ EN 1815(European Norms, assessment of static electrical propensity on resilient and textile floor coverings) ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ”ผ ์ธก์ •๋Ÿ‰(ํ†ต์ƒ, ์ „์••์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •)์ด ์œ ํ•œํ•ด์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ „์••์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธก์ • ์ค‘์— ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ „์••์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(3). ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์† ์ „๊ทน ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์†์ „๊ทน ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ธ์ฒด๋Š” ๋„์ฒด์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋„์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋„์ฒด ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ(์†์ „๊ทน)๋ฅผ ์žก๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด ์ธ์ฒด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฒด ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์ฒด ์†์ „๊ทน๊ณผ ์†์ „๊ทน ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์ •์ „ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ ์™€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ(15 ~ 35 mm) ๋งŒํผ ์ด๊ฒฉ(distance)์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(4).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 ์ธ์ฒด์ „์••์ธก์ •์˜ (a) ์ธ์ฒด์ „์••์ธก์ • ๋„์‹ํ™” ์™€ (b) ์ธก์ • ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 1 (a) Schematic and (b) photo of human body voltage measurement

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.11.1743/fig1.png

ํ•œํŽธ ์ธ์ฒด ์ €ํ•ญ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ(TREK152, TREK, USA)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์ฒด ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ธ์ฒด ์ €ํ•ญ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธก์ •๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ 103 โ„ฆ ~ 1013 โ„ฆ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ €ํ•ญ ์ธก์ • ์žฅ๋น„๋กœ ์†์ „๊ทน์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Œ€์ง€ ์ ‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2 ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ธก์ •์˜ (a) ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ธก์ • ๋„์‹ํ™”์™€ (b) ์ธก์ • ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 2 (a) Schematic and (b) photo of humanbody resistance measurement

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์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž…์‹ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ ๊ณต์ •๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ •์ „ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์ผ์–ด ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ์ธ์ฒด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด, ์ œ์ „ํ™” ์™€ ์ œ์ „๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ œ์ „ ์†๋ชฉ๋  ์ฐฉ์šฉ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ธ์ฒด ์ €ํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์ „์••์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ, ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ธ์ฒด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ „์••์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ์„ค์ •๋œ ์Šต๋„์™€ ์ œ์ „์žฅ์น˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—… ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์›Œํ‚น ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐ ์„ค์ •๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—…ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž…์‹ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์— ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3, 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค(Mixing room)๊ณผ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค(Curing room)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž์ด๋ Œ(xylene)๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„(Butane)์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ • ๋‹น์‹œ ์ž‘์—… ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์Šต๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 28โ„ƒ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„(Relative humidity, %RH) 50 %RH ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํœ  ๋„์žฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฅ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฏน์‹ฑ ๊ณต์ • ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์ผ๋ Œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฏน์‹ฑ๊ธฐ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋ถ“๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ ๋„๋ฃŒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์†Œ์žฌ ํด๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ ๋ฐœํฌ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€ํƒ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋กค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐœํฌ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฐจ์— ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ž”์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํƒ„๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜๋„๋ก ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3 ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ๋Œ€์ง€์ „์••์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ (a) ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค (b) ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค

Fig. 3 Photos of (a) mixing room (b) curing room for measuring humanbody voltage.

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ๊ณ ์‚ฌ์ง„ (a) ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—… ์กฐ๊ฑด, (b) ์ œ์ „ํ™”์™€ ์ œ์ „๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด, (c) ์ œ์ „ ์†๋ชฉ๋  ์กฐ๊ฑด

Fig. 4 Photos of workers under three different condistions: (a) without anti static system, (b) with conductive shoes and conductivty, and (c) wrist strap.

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์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋„์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋„์ฒด๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ•˜์˜ ์–‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(4,7).

(1)
$W=\dfrac{1}{2}CV^{2}[J]$

์ด๋•Œ W๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€(Joule), C๋Š” ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(F), V๋Š” ์ „์••(V)์„ ๋‚˜ํƒœ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์—…์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š”, ์ ‘์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์ „๋œ ๋„์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์€ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ž‘์—… ํ˜„์žฅ์— ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ๋งŒํผ ํฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€์ „๋œ ๋„์ฒด์—์„œ, ํ†ต์ƒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(3).

์ฐฉํ™”์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€(minimum ignition energy, MIE)์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ปค์•ผํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํƒ„ํ™” ์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์ฐฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋žต 0.25 mJ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋œ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์••(1๊ธฐ์••) ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ธํ™”์ ์ด 65โ„ƒ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ์ž์ด๋ Œ ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ 4 ~ 5% ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›(< 0.25 mJ)์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ฐฉํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5 ์ž์ด๋ Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€ (Source: NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 77, USA)

Fig. 5 Minimum ignition energy of Xylene and Butane (Source: NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 77, USA)

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๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์ผ๋ Œ, ๋ถ€ํƒ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋ณ„ ์ฐฉํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„ ์ „์••(Vex : maxium body threshold voltage)์€ ์‹ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค(7).

(2)
$V_{ex}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2W_{\min}}{C_{h}}}[V]$

์ด๋•Œ Vex ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„์ „์••, Wmin ์€ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€, Ch ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(F) ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ์‹ (2)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ฐฉํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ด๋ Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„์ „์••์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ž์ด๋ Œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„ ์ „์•• Vex = $\sqrt{\dfrac{2\times 0.2\times 10^{-3}}{200\times 10^{\begin{aligned}-12\\ \end{aligned}}}}$โ‰‘ 1,414 V

๋ถ€ํƒ„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„ ์ „์•• Vex = $\sqrt{\dfrac{2\times 0.25\times 10^{-3}}{200\times 10^{\begin{aligned}-12\\ \end{aligned}}}}$ โ‰‘ 1,581 V

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ 1,500 V ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ™” ํ˜น์€ ํญ๋ฐœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.1.1 ์ •์ „ํ•˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฏธ์กฐ์น˜์‹œ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 ๋ฏน์‹ฑ๋ฃธ ๊ณผ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ์ œ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฏธ๋น„ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••

Fig. 6 Absolute humanbody voltage of workers without anti static system at mixing and curing room.

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.11.1743/fig6.png

ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ œ์ „ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์€ 1ร—1010 โ„ฆ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์••์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๋ฒˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1,500 V, ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „์•• 2,655 V ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ธ์ž์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋กค ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐœํฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž์— ์œ ๋„๋Œ€์ „์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(10).

์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ๋ฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐํ™” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฑท๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ์ค‘์— ์ •์ „๊ธฐ์ถ•์ฒ™์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ, ๋‘ ๊ณณ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ์ž์ด๋ Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„์ „์••์„ ๋„˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋œ ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ 200 pF ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‘ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์ „์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์—๋„ˆ์ง€(์ธํ™”์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ - ์ž์ผ๋ Œ)

$W=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 200\times 10^{-12}\times 1500^{2}=0.225[m J]> 0.2 m J(MIE of Xy\le ne)$ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค(์ธํ™”์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ - ๋ถ€ํƒ„)

$W=\dfrac{1}{2}\times 200\times 10^{-12}\times 2655^{2}=0.7 m J > 0.25 m J(MIEใ€€of Bu\tan e)$ ์ •์ „์ŠคํŒŒํฌ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‘ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž ์žฌ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.

3.1.2 ์ œ์ „ํ™” ์™€ ์ œ์ „๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••

ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์— ์ œ์ „๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์€ 1ร—109 โ„ฆ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ž‘์—…์ค‘ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์••์€ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 280 V, ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 310 V๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 82 V, 111 V๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๋‘ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ธก์ •์ž ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœํฌ์ œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ ๋„๋Œ€์ „ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค(10).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7 ๋ฏน์‹ฑ๋ฃธ๊ณผ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ์ œ์ „ํ™”์™€ ์ œ์ „ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ž ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••

Fig. 7 Absolute humanbody voltage of workers with coductive shoes and mat at mixing and curing room.

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์ œ์ „ํ™”์™€ ์ œ์ „๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ์ถ•์ฒ™ ์™„ํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„์ „์••์„ ๋„˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ œ์ „ํ™”์™€ ์ œ์ „๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํญ๋ฐœ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.1.3 ์ œ์ „ ์†๋ชฉ๋ ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••

๋ฏน์‹ฑ๋ฃธ/์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์— ์ œ์ „ ์†๋ชฉ๋ ๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ „์ฒด ์ ‘์ง€ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ œ์ „์†๋ชฉ๋ ์— ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ’์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ 1ร—106 โ„ฆ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ์ธ์ฒด์ „์••์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฏน์‹ฑ๋ฃธ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’ 35 V, ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’ 35 V๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๋ฒˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8 ๋ฏน์‹ฑ๋ฃธ ๊ณผ ์ˆ™์„ฑ์‹ค์˜ ์ œ์ „์†๋ชฉ๋  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ž ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••

Fig. 8 Absolute human body voltage of workers with wrist strip at mixing and curing room.

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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์Šต๋„์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ ‘์ง€ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ 1ร—106 โ„ฆ ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ์ถ•์ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์™„ํ™”์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ ์ „ํ•˜๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ๊ธฐ 3๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹ค์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’

Table 1 Maximum humanbody voltage of workers under various condition

Experimental condition

Body resistance to ground

Measuring Workplace

Mixing Room

Curing Room

Actual working

higher than 1ร—1010

1,500 volts

2,655 volts

conductive shoes and floor

less than 1ร—109

230 volts

310 volts

wrist strap

1ร—106

35 volts

35 volts

3.2 ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ž์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ • ๋‹น์‹œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 26โ„ƒ ์˜€๊ณ , ์Šต๋„๋Š” ์ œ์Šต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ 40, 50, 60 %RH๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Šต๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์Šต๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์•ž์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด ์กฐ์น˜๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ œ์ „ํ™”์™€ ์ œ์ „๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ œ์ „์†๋ชฉ๋ ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, 1ร—106 โ„ฆ, 1ร—109 โ„ฆ, 1ร—1012 โ„ฆ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์„œ ์ด 9๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9-11์™€ ํ‘œ 2์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9 ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ 40 % ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด 1ร—1012 โ„ฆ ์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ „์••์ด 2,500 V ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ ์ž์ผ๋ Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„์„ ์ ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1ร—109 โ„ฆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ „์••์ด 1,045 V๋กœ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด์ธ๊ณ„์ „์•• ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1ร—106 โ„ฆ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์ „์••์ด 160 V๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „์••์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(11,13).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9 ์Šต๋„ 40% RH์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 9 Humanbody voltage- time characteristics of workers with different huamnbody resistance at 40% relative humidity

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.11.1743/fig9.png

์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10 ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ 50 %RH ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ ‘์ง€์ธ์ฒด ์ €ํ•ญ์ด 1ร—1012 โ„ฆ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 1,730 V๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„์ „์••์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„ํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์˜ ์Šต๋„ 40 %RH ์˜ 1ร—1012 โ„ฆ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ตœ๊ณ  3,640 V ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์ ‘์ง€ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ๋” ๋†’์€ ์Šต๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ณต ๋ฐ ์ž‘์—…์ž ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋‹ค์Šต์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. 1ร—109 โ„ฆ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์ด 640 V๋กœ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1ร—106 โ„ฆ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์ „์••์ด 50 V๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „์••์ด ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10 ์Šต๋„ 50% RH์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig.10 Humanbody voltage- time characteristics of workers with different huamnbody resistance under 50% relative humidity

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.11.1743/fig10.png

์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„ 60 %RH ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ์ถ•์ ์— ์ง๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด์„œ ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ฐ’์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  640 V๋กœ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ธ์ฒด ์ž„๊ณ„ ์ „์•• ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 ์Šต๋„ 60% RH์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์•• ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig.11 Humanbody voltage- time characteristics of workers with different huamnbody resistance under 60% relative humidity

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.11.1743/fig11.png

์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์Šต๋„์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์ ‘์ง€ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„๊ฐ€ 1ร—109 โ„ฆ ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํ˜น์€ ์Šต๋„๊ฐ€ 60 %RH์ด์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ตœ๊ณ  1,045 V์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋Œ€์ „๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ์ž์ด๋ Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ‘๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ 9๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์‹ค์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์‹คํ—˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ตœ๋Œ€์ ˆ๋Œ“๊ฐ’

Table 2 laboratory environmental experiment condition & absolute maxium values

Relative humidity

human body resistance to ground

1ร—10$^6$ โ„ฆ

1ร—10$^9$ โ„ฆ

1ร—10$^{12}$ โ„ฆ

40 %RH

160 V

1,045 V

3,640 V

50 %RH

50 V

640 V

1,730 V

60 %RH

40 V

310 V

640 V

3.3 ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ฒด๋Œ€์ „์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ˜• ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘์—…์ž ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ฐ’์„ 109 โ„ฆ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค(15). ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์ฒซ์งธ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12 ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ œ์ „ํ™”์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋จผ์ € ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13 (b) ์„ค์ •์ฐฝ์— ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ ํ›„ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ทน์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ์ „ํ™” ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”์‹œ, ๋„์–ด์˜คํ”ˆ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๋™์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์ถœ์ž… ํ†ต์ œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋„์–ด์˜คํ”ˆ์‹ ํ˜ธ(door open signal)๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋„์–ด์˜คํ”ˆ์‹ ํ˜ธ(door open signal)๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ์ถœ์ž…๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ž‘์—…์ž๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13 (c)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด pc๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ €์žฅ์ด ๋˜์–ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ž…์žฅ ์ดํ›„ ๊ณต์ • ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…์žฅ์‹œ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๊ณต์ •๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์— ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ •๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ˜น์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12 (a) ์ž…์ถœ์ž…ํ†ต์ œ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ฏธ์ง€, (b) ํ”Œ๋กœ์šฐ์ฐจํŠธ

Fig. 12 (a) Conceptual image of human body resistance tester connected door control system and (b) its flowchart

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ.13 (a) ์‚ฌ์šฉ์žํ™˜๊ฒฝ, (b) ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ๋ฒ”์œ„์„ค์ •์ฐฝ (c) ์ž…์ถœ์ž… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ์˜ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ธฐ๋ก

Fig.13 (a) User Interface, (b) Human body resistance setup window , and (c) Measuring result record of human body resistance tester connected door control system

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๋‘˜์งธ, ์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14 ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์—… ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ณตํ•œ ํ›„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ €ํ•ญ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์ €ํ•ญ์„ 109 โ„ฆ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ์ œ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐฉ์šฉํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋Œ€์ง€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ €ํ•ญ์ด 109 โ„ฆ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ํ‘œ 2์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž์ด๋ Œ ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์˜ ์˜ˆ (a) ์ „๋„์„ฑ์šฐ๋ ˆํƒ„๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ (b) ์ „๋„์„ฑํƒ€์ผ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ

Fig.14 2 references of conductive floor (a) conductive urethan floor (b) conductive tile floor

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3. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ถ€๋„์ฒด์—์„œ ์ „ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๋Š” ์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž‘์—…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œ์ „์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Šต๋„์™€ ์ „ํ•˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์„ค๋น„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.

) ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ(์ž์ด๋ Œ, ๋ถ€ํƒ„) ์†์—์„œ ์ „ํ•˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ฒด๋Œ€์ „์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

2) ์ž‘์—…์ž ์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด 1ร—109 โ„ฆ ์ดํ•˜ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„๊ฐ€ 60 %RH ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉด ์ธ์ฒด์ „์œ„๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ 1,000 V ์ดํ•˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์ด๋ Œ ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํƒ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ตœ์†Œ์ฐฉํ™”์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ํ™”์žฌ ํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3) ์ธํ™”์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด, ์ธ์ฒด์ €ํ•ญ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ(human body resistance meter)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ, ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ธ์ฒด์ ‘์ง€ ์ €ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž‘์—… ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ์ŠคํŒŒํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•ด์„œ, ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌํ•ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ํŠน์ง•์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ณ , ์ •์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์žฌํ˜„์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ‰์†Œ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™”์žฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํญ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ‰์†Œ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธํ™”์„ฑ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ ๊ณต์ •์— ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์ œ์ „ ์กฐ์น˜์˜ ๋ฏธ๋น„๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ™”์žฌํญ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์—ฐ์— ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

References

1 
Sang-won Choi, Seong-Choon Jeong, Jae Suk Park, Yang Jeong Yeol, Junghwan Byeon, October, 2019, A Study on the Improvement Plan of Electrostatic Safety Management Level through Injury Analysis, Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, vol. 34, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 37-45DOI
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NFPA 77 recommended practice on static electricity, 2014. EditionGoogle Search
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Jiyong Choi, Seonjae Lee, Jihong Kim, Jinyong Kim, Euiyong Park, 2020, Research of Solid Propellant Electrostatic Sensitivity in Confinement, Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 73-78DOI
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Hong Sung-Mo, Lee Jong-Geun, Chung Duck-Jin, Kim Ju-Min, DEC, 2004, An Analysis of the ESD Protection Characteristic of Chip Varistors Using a Distributed Circuit, Trans. KIEE, Vol. 53C, No. 12Google Search
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Geun Soo Choi, Soo Hyun Baek, MAR, 2006, Electrostatic Analysis and Protection of the Industrial Type Inkjet Plotter, Trans. KIEE., Vol. 55B, No. 3Google Search
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Doo-Hyun Kim, Sang-Ryull Kim, September 1999, Characteristics of Electrostatic Attenuation in Semiconductor, Journal of KllS, Vol. 14, No. 3Google Search
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S.W. Choi, 2011, A Study on the Development of Simulating Tool for Evaluation of Electrostatic Discharge, Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 26, No. 3DOI
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Kyoontae Moon, Jaehee Chung, Mizuki Yamaguma, Kwangseok Choi, 2010, A Study on Ignition Hazard Caused by Electrostatic Discharge of Gasoline Used in the Gas Station, Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 25, No. 4Google Search
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Jongho Lee, Doohyun Kim, Dongkyu Kang, 2003, Electrostatic Discharge Energy Estimation of the Charged Human Body by the Rompe-Weisel Model, Journal of the KIIS, Vol. 18, No. 3Google Search
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NamSuk Kim, Dal-Jae Park, 2011, Experimental Investigations on Explosion Characteristics of LPG/Air Mixture by Electrostatic Discharge Energies, Journal of the KOSOS, Vol. 26, No. 6DOI
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JAMES E. VINSON, JUIN J. LIOU, SENIOR MEMBER, FEBRUARY 1998, Electrostatic Discharge in Semiconductor Devices: An Overview, CEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, Vol. 86, No. 2DOI
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ANSI/ESD S20.20_2014 For the development of an electrostatic discharge control program for - protection of electrical and electronic parts, assemblies and equipmentGoogle Search

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€ํ•ด์ˆ (Hae-Sul Kim)
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2000๋…„ ๊ด‘์šด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…,

2016๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์•ˆ์ „๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ์กธ์—…,

2019๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์•ˆ์ „๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ,

2021 ํ˜„์žฌ (์ฃผ)์Šคํƒœํ‹ฑ์›์Šค ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ด์‚ฌ

E-mail : harry@staticworks.co.kr

์†กํ˜•์ค€(Hyung-Jun Song)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.11.1743/au2.png

2004๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…,

2015๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ,

ํ˜„์žฌ ์„œ์šธ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ์ „๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜ (์ „๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž)

E-mail : hj.song@seoultech.ac.kr