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  1. (Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea)
  2. (Dept. of KEPCO Research Institute, Korea)



S-parameter, ABCD parameter, potential transformer, voltage gain, transfer characteristics

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™” ๋ฐ ์˜ฅ๋‚ด๋ณ€์ „์†Œํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง‘์ ๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋‚ด ์„ค๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ (potential transformer, PT)๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ฐœํ์žฅ์น˜ (gas insulation switchgear, GIS)๋‚ด ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค๋น„๋œ๋‹ค (1),(2). ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ธ 60 Hz ์—์„œ๋Š” PT์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์žฅ ๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ฐœํ ๋™์ž‘์‹œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค (3). ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์— ์ˆ˜์‹ญ kV ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์••์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋™์ž‘์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ธ 60 Hz๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์จ์ง€ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— PT์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ 2์ฐจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ฐœํ์žฅ์น˜์— ์„ค๋น„๋œ PT์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธก์ • ์…‹์—…์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  2ํฌํŠธ S-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฐจ์ธก์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ด๋“์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์จ์ง€ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ IEC 61000-4-5๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฐจ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์จ์ง€์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. GIS PT์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ S ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฐฝ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์‹ค์ฆ์‹œํ—˜์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์„ค๋น„๋œ 170 kV ๊ฐ€์Šค์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ฐœํ์žฅ์น˜์˜ PT & ES bay์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ PT๋ฅผ ์ธก์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ • ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์˜ (a)์™€ (b)๋Š” ์ธก์ • ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ํ‰๋ฉด๋„ ์ƒ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๋ฐ ์ธก๋ฉด ๋„๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, (c)์™€ (d)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ PT์™€ S ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ 1, 2์ฐจ์ธก ๊ฒฐ์„  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. PT ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฌผ (a) 170kV GIS ํ‰๋ฉด๋„ (b) PT & ES ํ‰๋ฉด๋„ (c) PT ์‹ค๋ฌผ (d) 1, 2์ฐจ์ธก A์ƒ ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ƒํ™ฉ

Fig. 1. floor plan and the actual structure of PT (a) 170 kV GIS floor (b) PT & ES bay floor plan ยฉ actual PT (d) wiring status of primary and secondary side of A phase

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig1.png

Keysight์‚ฌ์˜ E5061B VNA ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 60 Hz๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 200 MHz ๋Œ€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 2ํฌํŠธ S ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. A ~ C์ƒ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ A ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์„ ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ • ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ B์™€ C์ƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์˜ (a)์™€ (b)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋œ S-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ (dB)์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ โ€“52

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. PT์˜ ๊ณ„์ธก S-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ (a) ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ (b) ์œ„์ƒ

Fig. 2. Measured S-parameters for PT (a) in magnitude and (b) in phase

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig2.png

dB๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋น„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ ํฌํŠธ์˜ 50 ฮฉ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ 0 dB์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1 MHz ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ PT์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜•๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์šฉ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋„์ฒด๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค ๋ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ (4), ๋„“์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™•๋ณด๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ S-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜ํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  PT์˜ 2์ฐจ์ธก์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3. PT์˜ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ ํŠน์„ฑ

๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ธ S-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ž์ฒด๋กœ์จ 1์ฐจ์ธก๊ณผ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ง๊ด€์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‹ (1)๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ํฌํŠธ 1๋ฐ ํฌํŠธ 2์˜

(1)
$\begin{bmatrix}V_{1}\\I_{1}\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}A&B\\C&D\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}V_{2}\\I_{2}\end{bmatrix}$

์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋น„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค (5). ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‹ (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(2)
\begin{align*} \left.\left.\left.\left. A=\dfrac{V_{1}}{V_{2}}\right |_{I_{2}=0}B=\dfrac{V_{1}}{I_{2}}\right |_{V_{2}=0}\\ C=\dfrac{I_{1}}{V_{2}}\right |_{I_{2}=0}D=\dfrac{I_{1}}{I_{2}}\right |_{V_{2}=0} \end{align*}

A๋Š” 2์ฐจ์ธก์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ „์••์ด๋“์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜, B๋Š” 2์ฐจ์ธก์„ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค, C๋Š” 2์ฐจ์ธก์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฏธํ„ด์Šค, D๋Š” 2์ฐจ์ธก์„ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋“์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ธก์ •๋œ S ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‹ (3)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (5).

(3)
\begin{align*} A=\dfrac{\left(1+S_{11}\right)\left(1-S_{22}\right)+S_{12}S_{21}}{2S_{21}}\\ B=Z_{0}\dfrac{\left(1+S_{11}\right)\left(1+S_{22}\right)-S_{12}S_{21}}{2S_{21}}\\ C=\dfrac{1}{Z_{0}}\dfrac{\left(1-S_{11}\right)\left(1-S_{22}\right)-S_{12}S_{21}}{2S_{21}}\\ D=\dfrac{\left(1-S_{11}\right)\left(1+S_{22}\right)+S_{12}S_{21}}{2S_{21}} \end{align*}

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. PT ABCD-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ (a) ๊ถŒ์„ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์œจ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„ (b) ABCD-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ (c) ABCD-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์œ„์ƒ

Fig. 3. PT ABCD-parameters (a) Winding type and ratioโ€™s schematic (b) magnitude of ABCD-parameters (c) Phase of ABCD-parameters

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig3.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ด๋“ (a) ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“ ํฌ๊ธฐ (b) ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ด๋“ ํฌ๊ธฐ (c) ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ด๋“ ์œ„์ƒ

Fig. 4. Voltage and current gain (a) Magnitude of the voltage gain with the opened load (b) Magnitude of the current gain with the shorted load (c) Phase of the voltage with the opened load and current gain with the shorted load

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ PT์˜ ๊ถŒ์„  ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ (60 Hz) ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๋Œ€๋น„ 2์ฐจ์ธก ์ „์••์ด๋“ ๋น„์œจ์€ 808.29:1 ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์˜ (b)์—๋Š” ์ธก์ •ํ•œ PT์˜ S ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ A ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ (60 Hz)์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ 836.65๋กœ, ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ „์••์ด๋“์˜ ์—ญ์ˆ˜์ธ 808.29์™€ ์•ฝ 3.5 %์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๋น„๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค ๋ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด 181.4 kHz ์—์„œ ๊ณต์ง„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (4). ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์˜์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์˜ (a)๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์••์ด๋“์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, (b)๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋“์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ธ๋•ํ„ด์Šค ๋ฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด, 181.4 kHz ์—์„œ ์ „์••์ด๋“ ๊ฐ’1.19 x $10^{-2}$ ์˜ peak๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„์ƒ์€ -4.62ยฐ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‹จ๋ฝ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋“์€ 1.16 x $10^{-2}$ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„์ƒ์€ -95.42ยฐ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋“์€ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. 1 Mฮฉ load ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ (a) 60 Hz ์ž…๋ ฅํŒŒ (b) 60 Hz ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒ (c) 181.4 kHz ์ž…๋ ฅํŒŒ (d) 181.4kHz ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒ

Fig. 5. Sine wave transfmission characteristics at 1 Mฮฉ load (a) 60 Hz input wave (b) 60 Hz output wave (c) 181.4 kHz input wave (d) 181.4 kHz output wave

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. 1 Mฮฉ load์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ (a) 60 Hz ์ž…๋ ฅํŒŒ (b) 60 Hz ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒ (c) 10 kHz ์ž…๋ ฅํŒŒ (d) 10 kHz ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒ

Fig. 6. Square wave transmission characteristics at 1 Mฮฉ load (a) 60 Hz input wave (b) 60 Hz output wave (c) 10 kHz input wave (d) 10 kHz output wave

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig6.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” 60 Hz, 181.4 kHz์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข…๋‹จ์ด 1 Mฮฉ์ผ ๋•Œ PT์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ์ „์›๋‹จ์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” 50 ฮฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ PT์˜ ์ธก์ • S ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ IFFT(Inverse fast Fourier transform)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์€ 4์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 60 Hz ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“์ด 1.2 x $10^{-3}$๋กœ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๋น„์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ ๋˜ํ•œ 0.28ยฐ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 181.4 kHz ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ „์••์ด๋“์ด 1.91 x $10^{-2}$, ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋Š” โ€“4.57ยฐ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์—์„œ ๋ณด์ธ ์ „์••์ด๋“ ์ค‘ 181.4 kHz์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” 60 Hz, 10 kHz ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ 1 Mฮฉ์„ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PT์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 60 Hz, 10 kHz ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ƒ์Šน ๋ฐ ํ•˜๊ฐ• ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋†’์€ overshooting์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด 30 mV ์ด์ƒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 1 V ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๋น„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๋œ 1.2 mV ์— ๋น„ํ•ด 25๋ฐฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 10 kHz์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ ํŒŒ์žฅ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์งง์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ PT์˜ ๋ณ€์••๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์ด๋“๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„“์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํŒŒํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ load์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ๋Œ€ ํ˜น์€ 0๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ข…๋‹จ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

4. Source-Transformer-Load ๋ชจ๋ธ

๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 2 ํฌํŠธ S ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•œ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ข…๋‹จ, ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 2์ฐจ์ธก์˜ ์ „์•• ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๋„๋ก source-transformer-load ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค (5). ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ source-transformer-load๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ transformer ๋‹จ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์˜ S ์™€ L์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ „์›๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹จ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์†ก์„ ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ PT์˜ ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ์™ธ์˜ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™œ๊ณก์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 50 ฮฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ข…๋‹จ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฝ์ž…์†์‹ค๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์›๋ถ€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋„ 50 ฮฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ผ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ZL์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 50 ฮฉ, 100 ฮฉ, 10 kฮฉ, 100 kฮฉ, 1 Mฮฉ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ค‘์— ํŠนํžˆ 1 Mฮฉ์˜

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. Source-Transformer-Load ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„

Fig. 7. Source-Transformer-Load modelโ€™s schematic

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig7.png

๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ PT์˜ 2์ฐจ์ธก์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ธ high Z๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. Source- transformer-load ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ์‹ (4)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค (5).

(4)

$\begin{bmatrix}V_{S}\\I_{S}\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}1&Z_{S}\\0&1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}A&B\\C&D\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\\dfrac{1}{Z_{L}}&1\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}V_{2}\\I_{te}\end{bmatrix}$

$\begin{bmatrix}V_{1}\\I_{1}\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}A&B\\C&D\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}V_{2}\\I_{2}\end{bmatrix}$

์œ„ ์‹์€ ์–‘ ๋‹จ์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (5) ~ ์‹ (6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (5).

(5)

$V_{1}=\dfrac{\left(A+B/Z_{L}\right)}{A+Z_{S}C+\left(B+DZ_{S}\right)/Z_{L}}\bullet V_{S}$

$V_{2}=\dfrac{1}{A+Z_{S}C+\left(B+DZ_{S}\right)/Z_{L}}\bullet V_{S}$

(6)

$I_{2}=\dfrac{V_{2}}{Z_{L}}=\dfrac{1}{\left(A+Z_{S}C\right)Z_{L}+\left(B+DZ_{S}\right)}\bullet V_{S}$

$I_{1}=\dfrac{\left(C+D/Z_{L}\right)}{A+Z_{S}C+\left(B+DZ_{S}\right)/Z_{L}}\bullet V_{S}$

์ฆ‰, ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ, source ๋ฐ load ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋‹จ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์ธ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์‹ (7)์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค (5).

(7)

$G_{V}=\dfrac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}=\dfrac{1}{A+B/Z_{L}}$

$G_{I}=\dfrac{I_{2}}{I_{1}}=\dfrac{1}{CZ_{L}+D}$

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์›๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์˜ ์ด๋“์€ load ๋‹จ์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์™€ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์˜ (a)์™€ (b)์—๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ข…๋‹จ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์„, (c)์™€ (d)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ด๋“์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์ข…๋‹จ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์—์„œ 181.4 kHz ์—์„œ ์ด๋“์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ„์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋“์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ 1 MHz ์ด์ƒ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์†ก์„ ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ „์••์ด๋“์ด ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. Load ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋“ (a) ์ „์••์ด๋“ ํฌ๊ธฐ (b) ์ „์••์ด๋“ ์œ„์ƒ (c) ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋“ ํฌ๊ธฐ (d) ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋“ ์œ„์ƒ

Fig. 8. Voltage and current gain according to load impedance (a) Magnitude of voltage gain (b) Phase of voltage gain (c) Magnitude of current gain (d) Phase of current gain

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. 10 kฮฉ, 100 ฮฉ load์‹œ 181.4 kHz ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ (a) ์ž…๋ ฅํŒŒ (b) ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒ

Fig. 9. 181.4 kHz sine wave transmission characteristics at 10 kฮฉ load (a) input wave (b) output wave

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig9.png

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ PT์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‹ (7)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ „์•• ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์™€ 10์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 181.4 kHz์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์™€ ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์˜ 10 kฮฉ, 100 ฮฉ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ load ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์›๋ถ€์˜ 50 ฮฉ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ ์ข…๋‹จ๋ถ€์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒํ˜•์€ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.09 x $10^{-2}$, 1.17 x $10^{-3}$ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋Š” -4.57ยฐ, -5.88ยฐ๋กœ, ์ข…๋‹จ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ฝ 3 us ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋„“์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Œ€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ตํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ „์›๋ถ€์— ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์€ 181.4 kHz์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ load ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ 10 kฮฉ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ 100 ฮฉ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 30 mV ๋ฐ 20 mV ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ 100 ฮฉ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ overshooting์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ PT๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” GIS์˜ ๊ฐœํ์จ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋‚™๋ขฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ์จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ kHz~์ˆ˜์‹ญ MHz ๋Œ€์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— source-transformer-load ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์šด์˜์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ 5์žฅ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 181.4 kHz ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ (a) 10 kฮฉ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ž…๋ ฅํŒŒ (b) 10 kฮฉ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒ (c) 100 ฮฉ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ž…๋ ฅํŒŒ (d) 100 ฮฉ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒ

Fig. 10. 181.4 kHz square wave transmission characteristics for load impedance (a) Input wave at 10 kฮฉ (b) Output wave at 10 kฮฉ (c) Input wave at 100 ฮฉ (d) Output wave at 100 ฮฉ

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig10.png

5. PT์˜ ์จ์ง€ ์‘๋‹ตํŠน์„ฑ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. (a) IEC 61000-4-5 ์จ์ง€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ (b) ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์จ์ง€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํŒŒํ˜•

Fig. 11. (a) IEC 61000-4-5 surge generator equivalent circuit (b) Surge output waveform in open load state

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig11.png

3์žฅ๊ณผ 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์™€ ๋„“์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๊ฐœํ ์จ์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ, ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์‹ค์ œ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ์˜ ์จ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 4์žฅ์˜ source-transformer-load ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ PT์— ๊ณผ๋„์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์‘๋‹ตํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. IEC 61000-4-5 ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ์จ์ง€ ํŒŒํ˜•(๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํšŒ๋กœ 1.2/50 us ์ „์••)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ (6) ์ด ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์˜ VS์™€ ZS๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ „์›๋‹จ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์˜ (a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‡Œ์จ์ง€ ํŒŒํ˜• ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์จ์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ƒ ๋‹จ๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ขŒ์ธก ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” anode, cathode ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „์œ„์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์Šค์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์˜ (b)๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํ˜•์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋Š” 1 kV ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. 1 Mฮฉ load ์‹œ ์จ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ (a) ์ž…๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ (b) ์ถœ๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ (c) ์ž…๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ (d) ์ถœ๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ

Fig. 12. Surge transmission characteristics at 1 Mฮฉ load (a) Input surge time domain (b) Output surge time domain (c) Input surge frequency domain (d) Output surge frequency domain

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig12.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. 50 ฮฉ load ์‹œ ์จ์ง€ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ (a) ์ž…๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ (b) ์ถœ๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ (c) ์ž…๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ (d) ์ถœ๋ ฅ์จ์ง€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ

Fig. 13. Surge transmission characteristics at 50 ฮฉ load (a) Input surge time domain (b) Output surge time domain (c) Input surge frequency domain (d) Output surge frequency domain

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig13_1.png../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/fig13_2.png

ํ‘œ 1. ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ IEC 61000-4-5 ์จ์ง€์˜ amplitude ๋น„์œจ

Table 1. Amplitude ratio of surge according to load impedance

$Z_{L}$

1 Mฮฉ

10 kฮฉ

1 kฮฉ

100 ฮฉ

50 ฮฉ

$f_{peak}$

(MHz)

7.205

7.205

7.205

7.21

7.215

$r_{f}$

133.99

133.66

130.68

105.99

87.83

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์— ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1 Mฮฉ, 50 ฮฉ์ธ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์ž…-์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12(a), (b)๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜์—ญ, (c), (d)๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ (a)์™€ (b)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 1 kV ์ตœ๋Œ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์จ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ํŒŒํ˜•์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์•ฝ 2.3 V ์ •๋„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ์‹œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” 1.2 V์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 1.9 ๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด 1์ฐจ์ธก์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœํ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์จ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ 2์ฐจ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ (c)์™€ (d)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด๋ฉฐ, (b)์™€ (d)์˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— PT์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด๋ฉฐ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” source- transformer-load ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ harmonic ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ amplitude๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ kHz ~ 1 MHz ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ 50 ฮฉ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์จ์ง€ ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ 1 kฮฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋น„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋“์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ 1.2 V ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์˜ (c)์™€ (d)์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ 50 ฮฉ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์•• ๋น„์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‘ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜ MHz ~ 200 MHz์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ amplitude ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋น„์œจ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ PT์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ „์••์ด๋“์„ ์จ์ง€ ์ „์••์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋น„์œจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” 1 Mฮฉ, 10 kฮฉ, 1 kฮฉ, 100 ฮฉ, 50 ฮฉ ์ด 5๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ์˜ ์ „์••์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์•• ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ „์••์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ZL์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค, fpeak๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์จ์ง€์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ peak๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ณต์ง„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜, rf๋Š” ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ณต์ง„์ ์—์„œ์˜ amplitude์™€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๋น„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™˜์‚ฐ๋œ ์ด๋“ Gideal ์„ ๊ณฑํ•œ amplitude ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ (8)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

(8)
$r_{f}=\dfrac{V_{2}\left(f_{peak}\right)}{V_{1}\left(f_{peak}\right)\bullet G_{ideal}}$

์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋น„์œจ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„์œจ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์••์ด๋“์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 133๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ฝ 7.21 MHz ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ peak๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” 170 kV GIS์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ PT์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 60 Hz๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 200 MHz ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ S-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1 MHz ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์†ก์„ ๋กœํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •ํ•œ S-ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ABCD ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ, ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ž…๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘œ์ค€ ์จ์ง€์ „์•• IEC 61000-4-5๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ PT์˜ ๊ณผ๋„์‘๋‹ต ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์งง์€ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด PT์˜ 2์ฐจ์ธก์— ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์จ์ง€ ์ „์••์ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ „์••์ด๋“์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์••์ด๋“์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 5๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์จ์ง€์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ์ „์••์ด๋“ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ MHz ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „์•• ์ด๋“๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์œจ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์™€ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ธ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋„“์€ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์˜ ์จ์ง€์›์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด PT์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2016๋…„๋„ ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›(์ฃผ) ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

References

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Jun-Ho Park, Seok-Man Ko, Jun-Ho Choi, 2019, PT (Potential Transformer) Impedance imbalance affecting the protection system, in Proceedings of the KIEE Conference Goseong, pp. 749-750Google Search
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Sung-Won Kwon, Sang Hwa Lee, Jae Kap Jung, Mun-Seog Kim, Jae Young Kim, Sung-Ha Lee, 2009, Development of 132 kV Standard Potential Transformer and Stability Test, in proceedings of the KIEE Conference Muju, pp. 1387-1388Google Search
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Sung-Jun Kim, Soo-Jung Ryu, Tae-Ho Kim, Jong Hyeon Kim, Wan-Soo Nah, Mar 2014, High-Frequency Parameter Extraction of Insulating Transformer Using S-Parameter Measurement, The Journal of Korean Institue of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 259-268Google Search
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Hyeonjong Jung, Seok Yoon, Yuseon Kim, Seok Bae, Yeongseong Lim, Sep 2018, Method for High Frequency Modeling of Transformers Using the S-Parameter, The Journal of Korean Institue of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, Vol. 29, No. 9, pp. 677-684DOI
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Kwangho Kim, Sungjun Kim, Wansoo Nah, Aug 2016, Voltage Transfer Characteristics of an Insulation Transformer Up to 1 MHz, IEEE Transactions Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 1207-1216DOI
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Compatibility, Electromagnetic, 2005, Part 4โ€“5: Testing and Measurement Techniquesโ€”Surge Immunity Test., MS IEC 61000Google Search

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€ํ˜•์ฃผ (Hyongjoo Kim)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/au1.png

He received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea, in 2020.

Since 2021, he has been M.S. student at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.

His primary interests are EMI/EMC and SI/PI.

E-mail : riding@skku.edu

๊น€๊ด‘ํ˜ธ (Kwangho Kim)
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He received the B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea in 2013, 2015, and 2022, respectively.

He is current in advanced design team, memory business, samsung electronics, Co., Ltd. His primary interests are EMI/EMC and SI/PI.

E-mail : fogshower@gmail.com

๋ฐ•๋ฏผํ˜œ (Park Min hae)
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She received B.S., M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Chungbuk National University (CBNU), Korea, in 2011 and 2014.

She is currently a senior researcher of Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI).

Her research interests are substation equipment demonstration and insulation material.

E-mail : minhae.park@kepco.co.kr

์‹ฌ์„ ์ฃผ (Seonju Shim)
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She received the B.S. degree in electronics engineering from Kyungpook University, Daegu, Korea, in 2020.

Since 2021, she is current in KEPCO Research Institute, Daejeon, South Korea.

Her primary interest is Eco-friendly substation facility.

E-mail : shimseonju@kepco.co.kr

์ตœ์ข…๊ธฐ (Jong-Kee Choi)
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He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Dong-guk University in 1992 and M.S, Ph.D degrees in electrical engineering from Hong-ik University in 1995 and 2003 respectively.

In 1995, he joined Korea Electric Power Corporation Research Institute. His primary interests are power system grounding and transient analysis.

E-mail : jongkee.choi@kepco.co.kr

๋‚˜์™„์ˆ˜ (Wansoo Nah)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2022.71.5.766/au6.png

He received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, in 1984, 1986, and 1991, respectively.

Since 1995, he has been with Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea, where he is currently a Professor in the College of Information and Communication Engineering.

He was a Guest Researcher at the Superconducting Super Colider Laboratory in the USA from 1991 to 1993, and was also with the Korea Electrical Research Institute, Changwon, South Korea, as a Senior Researcher from 1991 to 1995.

His primary research interests include EMI/EMC, and SI/PI, electric/electronic circuit analysis and design.

E-mail : wsnah@skku.edu