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Charge carrier density, DC circuit breaker, Design for experiments, Design standards, Systems operation

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ „์›๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ๊ณ , ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์†ก๋ฐฐ์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(1). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋น„, ๋ฐ”๋žŒ, ๋ˆˆ, ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋“ฑ์— ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™”์žฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ํฌ๋‹ค(2). ๋”์šฑ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์› ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ ์ฑ…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋†’์€ DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฝ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ๋ฝ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์†์ƒ ์—†์ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ DC๋Š” AC์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์˜์ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์˜์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ค‘์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ(DC Air Circuit Breaker)๋Š” ์•„ํฌ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋กœ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํฌ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„์™€ ๋‹ฟ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์•„ํฌ์˜ ์ด๋™์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ์—ด๋˜๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์งง๋‹ค(3). ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜ค์ž‘๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ •์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์ ‘์ (Mechanical circuit breaker, MCB), ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„, ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์€ ์ ‘์ง€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜์‹œ์ผœ MCB์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ MCB์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋„์นจ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•„ํฌ ์œ ๋„์œจ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋„์นจ ์ตœ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„

Fig. 1 Experimental Circuit Diagram of the Superconducting Arc-Induction DC Circuit Breaker

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig1.png

2. ๋ณธ ๋ก 

2.1 ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2 ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ถ€

Fig. 2 Interruption part of the Superconducting Arc-Induction DC Circuit Breaker

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3 ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

Fig. 3 Intereupting Mechanism of the Superconducting Arc-Induction DC Circuit Breaker

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig3.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ open ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹คํ—˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋„์ด๋‹ค. DC ์ „์›, ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค, ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. DC ์ „์›์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 12.5 V์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ 40๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 500 V์˜ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฑ…ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋Š” ์•ฝ 500 A์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋„๋ก 1 ฮฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์†๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 1000 mm/s์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์€ ์•ฝ 360 gauss์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์™ธ๊ด€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ถ€๋งŒ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋กœ Anode์™€ Cathode๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ „๊ทน, ์œ ๋„์นจ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. Anode๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, (+)๊ทน์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. Cathode๋Š” ์Šคํ…Œํ•‘ ๋ชจํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐœํํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , (-)๊ทน์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์€ ์ ‘์ง€์™€ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด, ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ง€๋กœ ์†Œํ˜ธ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ”Œ๋ ˆ๋ฐ์˜ ์™ผ์† ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋ฉด ์™ธ์ (cross product) ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ Œ์ธ  ํž˜์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ Œ์ธ  ํž˜์€ ์‹ (1)๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค(4).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•„ํฌ์˜ ์ „์••-์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„

Fig. 4 Voltage-Current Characteristics Graph of Arc According to Open Test

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig4.png

(1)
$F=q(E+v\times B)$

2.2 ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๋ฐ ์•„ํฌ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์•„ํฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„์„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(a)๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๊ทน์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ Anode์™€ Cathode๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ํ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋„์นจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Cathode๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๊ทน์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ , ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์ ‘์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ Cathode๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ ์œ ๋„์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋’ค์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(c)๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(d)๋Š” ์œ ๋„์นจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ‘์ง€๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋„ 0 A๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์•„ํฌ ์†Œํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹œํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•„ํฌ์˜ ์ „์••-์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์˜์—ญ์„ 5๊ฐœ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. (1) ์˜์—ญ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน์ด ๋‹ซํ˜€์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ์ „์••์€ 0 V์ด๊ณ  ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋งŒํผ ํ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. (2) ์˜์—ญ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(b)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์••์ด ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์งํ›„ ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ž…์ž ๋‚ด ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ดํƒˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์˜จํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค(5). (3) ์˜์—ญ์€ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. (4) ์˜์—ญ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(C)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” Cathode์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 0 A์ธ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋˜์–ด Cathode์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 0 A๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. (5) ์˜์—ญ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3-(d)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์†Œํ˜ธ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ์ „์••์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์ง€๊ณ , ์ „๊ทน์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 0 A์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 ์ขŒํ‘œํ‰๋ฉด ์œ„์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ์œ ๋„์นจ ์œ„์น˜

Fig. 5 Position of the Guide the Induction Needle Shown on the Coordinate Plane

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 ์œ ๋„์นจ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ

Fig. 6 Radius of Curvature at the Tip of the Induction Needle

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2.3 ์œ ๋„์นจ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒํ‘œํ‰๋ฉด์ƒ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. Anode์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์œ„์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ (0, 0)์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ขŒํ‘œํ‰๋ฉด์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ธˆ 1์นธ์„ 1 mm๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์— ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ ์œ ๋„์นจ์€ Anode๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ x์ถ• 3 mm, y์ถ• 4mm๋งŒํผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ขŒํ‘œ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ฉด (3, 4)๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ „๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๋„์นจ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ ์ „๊ณ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ (2)๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค(6), (7).

(2)
$\vec{E}=\dfrac{2V}{R\ln\left(\dfrac{1+4d}{R}\right)}$ [V/m]

ํ‘œ 1 ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ๋„์œจ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋น„๊ต

Table 1 Comparison of Induction Ratio and Interrupting Time by Radius of Curvature and Position of Induction Needle

์œ ๋„์œจ [%]

์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ [ms]

๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ

์œ„์น˜

0.1 mm

0.2 mm

0.1 mm

0.2 mm

(0, 5)

73.5

66.77

8.0

8.1

(0, 15)

66.22

57.05

9.6

7.2

(0, 25)

56.24

51.44

9.7

8.3

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7 ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„

Fig. 7 Interval to Find the Optimal Position of the Induction Needle

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E๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์ด๊ณ , V๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „์••, R์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ, d๋Š” ์œ ๋„์นจ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์œ ๋„์นจ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด 0.1 mm์ธ ์œ ๋„์นจ๊ณผ 0.2 mm์ธ ์œ ๋„์นจ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๋„์นจ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค.

3. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

3.1 ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์†๋„

Anode์™€ Cathode ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค(8). ์ฆ‰, Anode์™€ Cathode ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. Anode์™€ ์œ ๋„์นจ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, (0, 5)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ (0, 10) ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด 0.1 mm์ธ ์œ ๋„์นจ์€ (0, 45)๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ๋„์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด 0.2 mm์ธ ์œ ๋„์นจ์€ (0, 25)๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ๋„์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ (0, 5), (0, 15), (0, 25)๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

์œ ๋„์œจ์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„๋œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์ด๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Cathode๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 0 A๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์œจ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์†์‹ค ์—†์ด ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋ €๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ์†์‹ค์ด ์ตœ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์•„ํฌ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์œ ๋„์œจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์œจ์€ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด 0.2 mm์ผ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค 0.1 mm์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด 0.2 mm์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์งง์•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8 ์œ ๋„์นจ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„

Fig. 8 Graph of Operating Characteristics according to the Position of the Induction Needle

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig8-1.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig8-2.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig8-3.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig8-4.png

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.2.315/fig8-5.png

์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ y์ถ•๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•„ํฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ์‹ (3)์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค(9).

(3)
$L=K\left(E-E_{m}-\dfrac{E}{I}I_{m}\right)^{a}I^{b}$

ํ‘œ 2 ์œ ๋„์นจ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต

Table 2 Comparison of Operation Characteristics of the Superconducting Arc-Induction type DC Circuit Breaker by Position of Induction Needle

์‚ฌ๋ถ„์›

๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„

์ขŒํ‘œ

์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ [ms]

์œ ๋„์œจ [%]

์œ ๋„

์‹œ๊ฐ„ [ms]

โ‘ 

(a)

(0.0, 12.00)

5.4

72.5

9.7

(b)

(4.7, 11.05)

5.2

77.0

17.6

(c)

(9.4, 7.45)

5.9

64.5

2.8

โ‘ก

(d)

(0.0, 16.00)

5.2

69.5

3.6

(e)

(4.7, 15.30)

6.1

63.5

9.8

(f)

(9.4, 12.95)

6.3

66.5

3.2

โ‘ข

(g)

(0.0, 20.00)

5.6

64.0

7.7

(h)

(4.7, 19.45)

6.3

66.0

4.2

(i)

(9.4, 17.65)

5.6

59.5

3.7

๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค(10). ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์•„ํฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, y์ถ•๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•ด์„  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์œ„์น˜๋Š” 2๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” y์ถ•๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„ ($\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}}$)์ด ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด (0, 15)์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์•˜์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ (0, 15) ๋ถ€๊ทผ์— ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, (0, 15) ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์œ„์น˜ ์„ ์ •

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์„  ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, Anode๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ x์ถ•, y์ถ•์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. x์ถ•์€ 0, 4.7, 9.4 mm, y์ถ•์€ 12, 16, 20 mm์œผ๋กœ, ์ด 9๊ฐœ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์› ์œ„์˜ ์ ๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•„ํฌ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์›์ด โ‘ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์›์ด โ‘ข์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์›โ‘  ์œ„์˜ ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ (a), (b), (c)์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์›โ‘ก ์œ„์˜ ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ (d), (e), (f)์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์›โ‘ข ์œ„์˜ ์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ (g), (h), (i)์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „์••, ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” Anode์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜, ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” Cathode์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์—ฐ๋‘์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์œ ๋„์นจ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „์••์ด ๋œจ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์ด ์ „๊ทน์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. Cathode์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 0 A์ธ ์‹œ์ ์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค.

์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์› ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, x์ถ•์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์„ ๋•Œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด ์•„ํฌ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ, ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์ˆ˜์ง์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ (c), (e), (f)์˜ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ 1๋ฒˆ์— ์œ ๋„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค(11).

ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์œ ๋„์œจ, ์œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ž์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ๋„์œจ์€ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ 0 A์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ๋ฉด ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์œ ๋„๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์†์ƒ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์œ ๋„์œจ 2๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์œ ๋„์นจ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ (4.7, 11.05)์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ฝ 3๋ฐฐ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์šฉ์œต์ ์ด ๋†’์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์ „๋ฅ˜ ์˜์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” DC๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ์•„ํฌ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํฌ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋„์นจ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์œ ๋„์นจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์œ ๋„์นจ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋„๋˜๋ฉด Cathode์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜ ms ์ด๋‚ด์— 0 A์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์•„ํฌ ์œ ๋„์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋Š” ํฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ์งง์€ 0.2 mm์˜ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ถ„์› ์œ„์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” (4.7, 11.05), (0.0, 16.00), (0.0, 20.00) ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์งง์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” (4.7, 11.05) ์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ž์„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์•„ํฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์•„ํฌ์œ ๋„ํ˜• DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์œ ๋„์นจ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋„์นจ์˜ ์žฌ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜, ์•„ํฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ ํ˜ธ ํ˜„์ƒ, ์•„ํฌ์˜ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ํ•œ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2021๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NRF-2021R1H1A2095768)

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์™ธ๊ณต๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(๊ฐœ๋ณ„/๋‹จ์ฒด/๊ฑฐ์ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€์›๋˜์—ˆ์Œ [๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ:R21XO01-32]

References

1 
H. Kim, Oct 2021, Aging Characteristics of Contact Electrodes of Low Voltage DC Switches, Energies 2021, Vol. 14, No. 20Google Search
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3 
W. Park, I. Kim, H. Jo, Y. Kim, K. Ahn, Nov 2019, A Study on Characteristics and Methods of Extinguishing Arc in Low Voltage Direct Current System, The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 68, No. 12, pp. 1688-1693Google Search
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S. Park, H. Choi, Jul 2020, Operation Characteristics for the Superconducting Arc-Induction Type DC Circuit Breaker, Energies 2020, Vol. 13(15)DOI
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Y. Kim, H. Kim, Oct 2018, Modeling for Series Arc of DC Circuit Breaker, IEEE Transactions on Industry ApplicationsDOI
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D. Liu, Q. Liu, Z. D. Wang, 2020, Electric Field Simulation of Needle Tips with Different Shape Formations Using FEM Method, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, pp. 61-73DOI
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J. H. Mason, Apr 1955, Breakdown of solid dielectrics in divergent fields, Institution Monograph, Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 254-263DOI
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S. Park, H. Choi, 2018, Operating Characteristics of Arc-induction Type DC Circuit Breaker, The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 67 no. 7, pp. 981-986DOI
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K. Naoki, M. Ryota, O. Kohei, Jul 2021, Derivation of Arc Length Calculation for DC High Voltage Arc Interruption in Closed Space, Omron Technics, Vol. 53Google Search
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J. Zhu, Y. Kusano, Z. Li, Sep 2016, Optical Diagnostics of A Gliding Arc Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure, Nova science publishers, pp. 19-52Google Search
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Z. Ren, S. Kokubo, Y. Maeda, S. Yamamoto, T. Iwao, Feb 2020, Three-Dimensional Electromagnetic Thermal Fluid Simulation of Re-Strike Phenomenon in Magnetically Driven Arc between Parallel Electrodes with Edges, IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, pp. 789-795DOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊น€์ง€ํ˜œ (Ji-Hye Kim)
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2022๋…„ ์กฐ์„ ๋Œ€ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™์‚ฌ์กธ์—….

2022๋…„~ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ์„ ๋Œ€ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •.

์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ : DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์„ , MMC-HVDC ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ˜‘์กฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , SFCL

์ตœํšจ์ƒ (Hyo-Sang Choi)
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1989๋…„ ์ „๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ํ•™์‚ฌ์กธ์—….

1992๋…„~1994๋…„ ์ „๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์„์‚ฌ์กธ์—…,

1994๋…„~2000๋…„ ์ „๋ถ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ์กธ์—…,

2003๋…„~ํ˜„์žฌ ์กฐ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜.

์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ : ์ดˆ์ „๋„ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์‘์šฉ, DC ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์„ , ๋ฌด์„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์†ก