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  1. (Dept. of Transportation Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Korea)
  2. (Smart Electrical & Signaling Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Korea)



DC traction system, Regenerative energy, Voltage control, Power efficiency, Field experiment

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ฒ ๋„ ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตํ†ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋ ฅ ์š”๊ธˆ ์ƒ์Šน, ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒ ๋„๊ตํ†ต ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„๋Š” ์—ญํ–‰๊ณผ ์ œ๋™์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ , ์šดํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฐœ์„  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค(1,2).

์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ œ๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(3). ํŠนํžˆ, ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ํšŒ์ƒ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด AC ์ „์›์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ ์„ค๋น„(Regenerative Energy Utilization Facility, REUF)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ธ ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ˆ˜๋™์†Œ์ž๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์••์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค(4).

์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. OLTC์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์ž์‹ ํƒญ ์กฐ์ • ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๊ฐ’์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฅ ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(5).

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ PSCAD/EMTDC๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด A ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด ํ˜„์žฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์ง„์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์••

2.1 ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต

DC ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๋Œ€๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์‚ฌ์—…์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ „ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฆฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ง๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ diode๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. Diode๋Š” ๋น„์ œ์–ด์„ฑ ์†Œ์ž์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์•• ์กฐ์ •์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค(6).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต

Fig. 1. Typical DC traction power system of urban railroad

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/fig1.png

๊ธ‰์ „ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ „์••์€ IEC 60850์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์˜๊ตฌ์ „์••๊ณผ ์˜๊ตฌ์ „์••์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ์—์„œ ์ „์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(7). ํŠนํžˆ, ์ฒ ๋„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ ๋†’์€ ๋ณ€๋™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‚ด ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ ์ด ์‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์‹œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ „์••์ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํƒญ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ „์••์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ % ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™๋ฅ ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹จ๋ฝ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๊ณ , ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๋†’์•„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(8).

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ „์••์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์œ„์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ธ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ์ค€ IEC-60850 ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘, ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์†์‹ค์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถค๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ 2๋Œ€์™€ 3๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋„

Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit of three substations and two trains

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/fig2.png

2.2 ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํ™” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”

์ „์••์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ํ›„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‘ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $P_{t}$๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ ฅ, $V_{t}$๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „์••, ์„ ๋กœ ์ €ํ•ญ($R_{l}$)๊ณผ ์ „์› ์ €ํ•ญ($R_{s}$)์€ ํ•ฉ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปจ๋•ํ„ด์Šค(g)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. b ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด $V_{t1}$๊ณผ $V_{t2}$์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด nodal analysis๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์‹ (5),(6)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ , ์‹ (1)~(4)์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (7),(8)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(1)
$i_{a}=(V_{a}-V_{t1})g_{a}$

(2)
$i_{b1}=(V_{b}-V_{t1})g_{b1}$

(3)
$i_{b2}=(V_{b}-V_{t2})g_{b2}$

(4)
$i_{c}=(V_{c}-V_{t2})g_{c}$

(5)
$P_{t1}=(i_{a}+i_{b1})V_{t1}$

(6)
$P_{t2}=(i_{c}+i_{b2})V_{t2}$

(7)
$(g_{a}+g_{b1})V_{t1}^{2}-(V_{a}g_{a}+V_{b}g_{b1})V_{t1}+P_{t1}=0$

(8)
$(g_{c}+g_{b2})V_{t2}^{2}-(V_{c}g_{c}+V_{b}g_{b2})V_{t2}+P_{t2}=0$

๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „์•• $V_{t1}$๊ณผ $V_{t2}$์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , 2๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉด ์‹ (9)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(9)
\begin{align*} P_{s2}= V_{b}\bullet(i_{b1}+i_{b2})\\ =(g_{b1}+g_{b2})V_{b}^{2}-\dfrac{V_{a}V_{b}g_{a}g_{b1}+V_{b}^{2}g_{b1}^{2}}{2(g_{a}+g_{b1})}\\ -\dfrac{V_{b}g_{b1}\sqrt{(V_{a}g_{a}+V_{b}g_{b1})^{2}-4(g_{a}+g_{b1})P_{t1}}}{2(g_{a}+g_{b1})}\\ -\dfrac{V_{c}V_{b}g_{c}g_{b2}+V_{b}^{2}g_{b2}^{2}}{2(g_{c}+g_{b2})}-\dfrac{V_{b}g_{b2}\sqrt{(V_{c}g_{c}+V_{b}g_{b2})^{2}-4(g_{c}+g_{b2})P_{t2}}}{2(g_{c}+g_{b2})} \end{align*}

๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์€ 1.6MW, A์™€ C ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์••์„ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’ 1,600V, ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ปจ๋•ํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ • ํ›„ B ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ „์••์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ B ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์˜† ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 3. Changes in power according to second substation voltage changes

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/fig3.png

๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ๋ณ€๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†์‹ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์•ž์„  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ปจ๋•ํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „์••์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์†์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์†์‹ค์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์ „์ฒด ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†์‹ค ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 4. Changes in power loss with all substations voltage changes

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/fig4.png

์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Threshold Voltage๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ณผ์ „์•• ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ „์••๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ๋” ๋‘์–ด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ด๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ PSCAD๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. $P_{re}$๋Š” ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์–‘, $P_{tra\in}$์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $P_{res}$๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์—ญํ–‰ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ์— 100kW๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(b)์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ „์••์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ชจ์˜ (a) ๊ธฐ์กด ์ƒํƒœ (b) ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ƒํƒœ

Fig. 5. Simulation result of change in utilization of regenerative energy by voltage reduction (a) Normal state (b) reduced state

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/fig5.png

3. ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„

3.1 ์ „๋ ฅํ•ด์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ

๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์ „๋ ฅํ•ด์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ PSCAD/EMTDC๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜์‚ฌ์ธ A๊ตํ†ต๊ณต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ง๋ฅ˜ 1,500V ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ถ€ํŒŒ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ Train Performance Simulation(TPS)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ƒํ–‰์„ , ํ•˜ํ–‰์„  ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1๋Œ€์”ฉ ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. PSCAD ์ง๋ฅ˜ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

Table 1. Simulation condition for PSCAD DC traction system

Parameters

Values

simulation duration(s)

200

Power rail resistance(ฮฉ/km)

0.0068

Rail resistance(ฮฉ/km)

0.00765

Distance(Sub1 to Sub2, km)

3.051

Distance(Sub2 to Sub3, km)

2.982

KEPCO source Resistance(ฮฉ)

0.001841

Power line resistance(ฮฉ)

0.3162

Transformer winding(vol. up case, RMS kV)

21.9-0.617-0.617

Transformer winding(normal case, RMS kV)

22.9-0.59-0.59

Transformer winding(vol. down case, RMS kV)

23.9-0.565-0.565

3.1.1 ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์•• ์ฆ๊ฐ€

๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์šดํ–‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ƒํƒœ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์†์‹ค์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ 2.820kWh, ์ „์••์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 2.688kWh๋กœ ์•ฝ 4.7%์˜ ์„ ๋กœ ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†์‹ค ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ชจ์˜

Fig. 6. Simulation of loss change according to substation output voltage change

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/fig6.png

3.1.2 ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ

๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘์ „์••์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ์ €ํ•ญ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ค๋น„์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ „์••์— ๋™์ž‘์‹œ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 205.79kWh, ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 283.20kWh๋กœ ์•ฝ 38%์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ชจ์˜

Fig. 7. Simulation of regenerative energy change according to decrease in substation output voltage

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3.2 ํ˜„์žฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ณ„์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๊ตญ๋‚ด ์šด์˜์ค‘์ธ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด ์‹ฑ๊ธ€ ๋ฐ ๋”๋ธ” ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ธก ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ ์ธก์ •์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์„ธํŒ…๋œ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ธก์ •์‹œํ—˜ ์„ธํŒ…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ทจ๋“์šฉ ์žฅ๋น„ NI-9229, NI-9223, cDAQ-9174์™€ NI Labview ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ํ˜„์žฅ์ธก์ • ์‹œํ—˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 8. Photo of field measurement test of urban railroad substation

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3.2.1 ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์•• ์ฆ๊ฐ€

3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์••์„ ๊ธฐ์กด 1,600V์—์„œ 1,602V๋กœ, 1,596V์—์„œ 1,598V๋กœ ์ „์••์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์••์ด ๋†’์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†์‹ค๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2.7%, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 8.4%์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™” (a) 1600 to 1602 (b) 1596 to 1598

Fig. 9. Change in power consumption according to voltage change in 3rd substation (a) 1600 to 1602 (b) 1596 to 1598

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3.2.2 ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ

์ „์•• ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ „์••์„ 1,600V๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1,598V ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1,596V๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10, ํ‘œ2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ „์••์„ 1,596V๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ฎ์ถ˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด 1,598V ์ƒํƒœ ๋Œ€๋น„ 63% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 1,598V ๋Œ€๋น„ 1,596V์—์„œ๋Š” 60% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 10. Change in regenerative energy due to voltage reduction in 3rd substation

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ํ‘œ 2. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 2. Change in regenerative energy due to voltage reduction in 3rd substation

Voltages of Sub. 3

(V)

Substation 1

(kWh)

Substation 2

(kWh)

Substation 3

(kWh)

1,600

1,060

940

350

1,598

930

970

570

1,596

930

900

910

๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Threshold Voltage๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ผ์ •๊ฐ’์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Threshold Voltage๋„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ „์•• ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋ฐ˜๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋Œ€๋น„ Threshold Voltage๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œ๋™ ์‹œ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฒ ๋„ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „์•• ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ์„ ๋กœ ์†์‹ค์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ ์ „์ฒด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„  ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ PSCAD/EMTDC๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „์••์„ ๋†’์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†์‹ค์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ 4.7%๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšŒ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋ฉด ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด 38% ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์ฒ ๋„ ์šด์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์ธก์ •์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „์•• ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 8.4% ์†์‹ค์ „๋ ฅ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ „์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ ํšŒ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 63%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by a grant from the R&D program (Development of smart energy management and performance evaluation technology for railway stations based on virtualization, PK2303E1) of the Korea Railroad Research Institute, Republic of Korea.

References

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H.S. Kim, 2015, A Study on Peak Power Forecasting and Optimization in Urban Railway System Using Neural Network Model and Source Impedance Control, Doctorate Inha UniversityGoogle Search
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J.B. Lee, N.G. Jung, J.M. Kim., 2016, An Experimental Study on Operation Setting Optimization of Circuit Breaker for Improving Safety on DC Railroad Feeder System, The transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 526-531DOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์œค์น˜๋ช… (Chi-Myeong Yun)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/au1.png

He received a B.S. degrees in 2019, from the College of Electric and Electrical Enginnering, Seoul, Hongik University.

He reveived a M.S. degree from the College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.

At present, he is enrolled in the doctorโ€™s program in the Department of Transportation Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.

His research interests include traction system planning and load flow analysis based on load forecasting.

์ดํ•œ๋ฏผ (Hanmin Lee)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.10.1269/au2.png

Hanmin Lee received his M.S. and Ph.D. degree from Electrical Engineering from Korea University, Seoul, Korea in February 2000 and February 2005, respectively.

He has worked for Korea Railroad Research Institute as a Chief Researcher since 2000.

His recent research interest is in the development of BMS's SOH and modeling of railway power systems

์›์„ ๋ฌต (Seon-Mook Won)
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He received a B.S. degrees in 2022, from the College of Electric Enginnering, Ajou University, Republic of Korea.

At present, he is enrolled in the masterโ€™s course in the Department of Transportation System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.

His research interests include utilizing regenerative energy and power management in feeding system.

๊น€ํ˜•์ฒ  (Hyungchul Kim)
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He received a B.S. and M.S. degree from the College of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea, in 1991 and 1993, respectively.

He received Ph.D. degree in Texas A&M in 2003.

He is currently a Principle Researcher with the Smart Electrical & Signaling Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, South Korea.

์ •ํ˜ธ์„ฑ (Hosung Jung)
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He received a B.S and M.S. degree in Electrical engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea, in 1995 and 1998, respectively.

He received a Ph.D. degree from the Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University in 2002.

He is currently a chief Researcher with the Smart Electrical & Signaling Division, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang, South Korea.