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  1. (Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Korea.)
  2. (Corresponding Author : Dept. of Semiconductor Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea.)



Plasma fluid simulation, PECVD, Microwave plasma, Linear MWP

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ํ˜• ์†Œ์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ OLED (Organic Light Emiiting Diode) ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฉด์  ์ €์†์ƒ ๊ณต์ •์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋†’์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ์ „๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ๊ด‘ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ encapsulation ๊ณต์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฆฌ, ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฐ ์—ํญ์‹œ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ฑ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ฉด์  ํ”Œ๋ ‰์„œ๋ธ” ๋˜๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช… OLED ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ TFE(Thin Film Encapsulation) ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฝํž˜ ์‹œ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๊ธฐํŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ ‘์ฐฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค(1). ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ PECVD(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition)๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ Nitride ๊ณต์ • ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ passivation ๋ง‰ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(2). ๋™์‹œ์— ์ €์†์ƒ ๊ณ ์† ์ฆ์ฐฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์žฅ๋น„(Microwave plasma)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค(3).

์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” 1-100 GHz ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์จ, wave induced heated ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธฐ์žฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ „์ž ์‹ธ์ดํด๋กœํŠธ๋ก  ๊ณต๋ช… ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ(Electron Cyclotron Resonance, ECR) ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์‹ธ์ดํด๋กœํŠธ๋ก  ๊ณต๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” evanescent wave mode, surface wave mode ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ๋Œ€(100mTorr ~ 1Torr)๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ PECVD(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) ์žฅ๋น„์—๋Š” ํ›„์ž์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(4).

๋Œ€๋ฉด์  ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธด ์›ํ†ตํ˜•์˜ ์„ ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ(Linear Microwave Plasma Source, LMPS) ๋ฐœ์ƒ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” Duo-line plasma ์žฅ๋น„๋กœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ Roth&Rau ์‚ฌ(๋˜๋Š” Meyer burger ์‚ฌ)์—์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ Roll to Roll ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋กœ ์‘์šฉ, ๋Œ€๋ฉด์  ์ฆ์ฐฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ Display, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์ • ๋“ฑ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(3).

Roll-to-Roll ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฉด์  ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ณต์ •์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋กค ์œ„์— ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ธฐํŒ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค, ๋กค์„ ์›€์ง์ž„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ์† ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กคํˆฌ๋กค ์žฅ๋น„์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” substrate heating ์žฅ์น˜, ์ง„๊ณต๋ถ€, ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํŒ์„ ์ˆ˜์†กํ•˜๋Š” roll ์žฅ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ ์ƒ์Šน์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค(2).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์„ ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋กคํˆฌ๋กค ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of Roll-to-Roll Linear Microwave plasma source

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig1.png

๊ธฐ์กด Roth&Rau type ์„ ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” quasi-coaxial TEM ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ inner conductor์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ quartz tube ์ „๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŠน์ • ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฆ์ฐฉ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด circular TE11 wave mode ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• ์žฅ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ํƒ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์žฅ๋น„ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋™์ผ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์›Œ์—์„œ 30%์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ํšจ์œจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(4).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. (a) ์›ํ˜• TE11 ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ (b)ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋กคํˆฌ๋กค ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of (a) circular TE11 waveguiding structure and (b) Roll-to-Roll system cross section

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig2.png

๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ Circular TE11 ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€ ์ „ํŒŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ์ „๊ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šฌ๋ž ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ์  ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๊ตฌ๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฅ๋น„ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์งง์€ ํŒŒ์žฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์ผ ์ „๊ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต์ • ๊ท ์ผ๋„๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(4). ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์ผ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์Šฌ๋ž ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ๊ท ์ผ๋„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ท ์ผ ์ „๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด ๋˜๋Š” slot ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ท ์ผ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3-D plasma fluid simulation ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์ •์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” 300~500mTorr ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ ๋Œ€์—์„œ Ar ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ slot ๋‘๊ป˜(1~7mm)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(4).

2. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์›ํ˜• TE11 ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”์‹œ ํ˜•์ƒ

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram and meshes of TE11 circular wave LMPS

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig3.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ 3์ฐจ์› ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์„ ํ˜• ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๊ฐœ๋žต๋„ ๋ฐ ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ(Mesh) ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ง„๊ณต ์ฑ”๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์›ํ†ตํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 205mm, ๋†’์ด 120mm๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ถ•์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 3์ฐจ์› ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ROll-to-Roll PECVD ์žฅ๋น„์— ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• quartz($\varepsilon_{r}$=4)์˜ ์™ธ๊ฒฝ์€ 46mm ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ์€ 40mm๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

quartz ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์™ธ๊ฒฝ 40mm ๋‚ด๊ฒฝ 36mm ์˜ copper ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ conductor๋ฅผ ์œ„์น˜ ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2,3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด conductor ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” quartz window์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ „๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘๊ป˜ 1~7mm์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์‚ฌํ˜• slot antenna(air condition)๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. conductor ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง๊ฒฝ 36mm์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, fc11=1.841/2ฯ€a$\sqrt[]{\mu\epsilon}$ (fc11:cut-off frequency of TE11 modes, a : circular waveguide inner radius, $\mu$ : permeablity of material, $\varepsilon$ : permittivity of materal) cut-off ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋†’์€ ๊ตฌ๋™์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก $\varepsilon_{r}$=9 ์˜ ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(4).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ์žฅ๋น„์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ฆ์ฐฉ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” quartz window ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 25mm ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ 200mm ๊ธธ์ด์˜ substrate๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์ž… ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” Ar ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ 300~500 [mTorr]๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Microwave ๊ตฌ๋™์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” 2.45 GHz๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋Š” 600W๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”์‹œ ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ์ „์†ก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€ ๋ถ€์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์กฐ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 172,820๊ฐœ ์š”์†Œ(Element)์™€ 27,960๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์˜์—ญ(Boundary)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์›ํ˜• TE11 ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋งˆ (a)์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋ฐ (b)์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„

Fig. 4. Simulation and chamber diagnostic setup diagram of (a)top view and (b) deposition region

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig4.png

๊ณต์ • ๊ฐ€์Šค ์ฃผ์ž…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ ํ˜• ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด Comsol Multiphysics tool์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ „์ž ๊ฐ€์—ด ๋ฐ Electromagnetic wave์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ณ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ wave equation, ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ „์ž ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…์ž ๋ณด์กด ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด์กด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹, ์ค‘์„ฑ ์ž…์ž์™€ ์ด์˜จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์กด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹, ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ „์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Poissonโ€™s equation ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(4-5). ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ(frequency domain)์—์„œ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” wave equation์€ non-magnatized ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋งค์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1)
$\nabla \times\left[\mu_r^{-1}(\nabla \times \bar{E})\right]-k_0^2\left(\varepsilon_r-\frac{i \sigma}{2 \theta_0}\right) \bar{E}=0$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $\epsilon_{0}$๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์˜ ์œ ์ „์œจ, $\epsilon_{r}$์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์œ ์ „์œจ, $\mu_{0}$๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์˜ ํˆฌ์ž์œจ, $\mu_{r}$์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ํˆฌ์ž์œจ, $\omega$๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(Angular frequency, 2ฯ€ x 2.45 GHz), $\vec{E}$๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„ (electric field),$k_{0}$๋Š” ์ž์œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ wave number($k_{0}=w\sqrt[]{\mu_{0}\epsilon_{0}}$), $\sigma$๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „๋„๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์›จ์ด๋ธŒ์—์„œ slot ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋˜๊ณ , ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์—ด๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค(6).

(2)
$\epsilon_{r}^{p}= 1-\dfrac{w_{pe}^{2}}{w(w-i\upsilon_{en})}$

(3)
$w_{pe}=\sqrt[]{\dfrac{n_{e}q_{e}^{2}}{m_{e}\varepsilon_{0}}}$

(4)
$\sigma_{p}=\dfrac{n_{e}q_{e}^{2}}{m_{e}(\upsilon_{en}+jw)}$

ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์œ ์ „์œจ์€ ์‹(2)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์™€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ „์ž ๋ฐ€๋„($n_{e}$)์™€ ์ „์ž ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰($m_{e}$)์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „๋„๋„(plasma conductivity) $\sigma_{plasma}$๋Š” ์œ„์˜ ์‹(4)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค(3,6). $q_{e}$๋Š” ์ „์ž ์ „ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰, $m_{e}$๋Š” ์ „์ž ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, $n_{e}$๋Š” ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„, $\nu_{en}$์€ ์ถฉ๋Œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(electron-neutral collision frequency for momentum transfer)๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

(5)
$Q_{h}=\dfrac{1}{2}Re(\sigma\vec{E}\bullet\vec{E}^{*})$

$Q_{h}$ ๋Š” microwave power์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๋กœ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ „๊ธฐ์ „๋„๋„, ์ „๊ณ„ $\vec{E}$ ์™€ complex conjugate $\vec{E}^{*}$ ๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ณฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

์ „์ž์™€ ์ „์ž ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์กด ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ Drift-diffusion ๊ทผ์‚ฌ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค(6).

(6)
$\partial n_{e}/\partial t+\nabla\bullet\vec{\Gamma}_{e}= R_{e}-\vec{u}\nabla n_{e}$

(7)
$\partial n_{\varepsilon}/\partial t+\nabla\bullet\vec{\Gamma}_{\varepsilon}+\vec{E}\bullet\vec{\Gamma_{e}}= R_{\varepsilon}-\vec{u}\nabla n_{\varepsilon}+P_{dep}$

$R_{e}$๋Š” ์ „์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ, $R_{\varepsilon}$๋Š” ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์ž ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰, $\vec{\Gamma_{e}}$์™€ $\vec{\Gamma_{\varepsilon}}$๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ „์ž์™€ ์ „์ž ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ Flux, $P_{dep}$๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋งˆ deposited power density, $-\vec{u}\nabla n_{e}$์™€ $-\vec{u}\nabla n_{\varepsilon}$๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ณ„์™€ ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์ž์™€ ์ „์ž ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿญ์Šค๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค(5-7).

(8)
$\vec{\Gamma_{\varepsilon}}= -(\mu_{\varepsilon}\bullet\vec{E})n_{\varepsilon}-\nabla(D_{\varepsilon}n_{\varepsilon})$

$\vec{\Gamma_{e}}= -(\mu_{e}\bullet\vec{E})n_{e}-\nabla(D_{e}n_{e})$

(9)

ํ‘œ 1. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์œ ์ฒด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ™”ํ•™์ข…(4)

Table 1. Overview of plasma species used in Linear Microwave Plasma simulation

Reaction formula

Type

โ–ณฮต (eV)

e+Ar โ†’ e+Ar

Elastic scattering

-

e+Ar โ†’ e+Ar*

Excitation

11.55

e+Ar* โ†’ e+e+Ar+

Step-ionization

4.16

e+Ar โ†’ e+e+Ar+

Direct-ionization

15.76

Ar+Ar+โ†’Ar+Ar+

Scattering

-

Ar+Ar+ โ†’ Ar+Ar+

Charge exchange

-

e+Ar*โ†’ e+Ar

Quenching

-

Ar+Ar* โ†’ Ar+Ar

Quenching

-

Ar*+Ar*โ†’ e+Ar++Ar

Ionization

-

(10)
$\rho =\nabla\bullet(-\epsilon_{0}\nabla V)$

(11)
$\vec{E}= -\nabla V$

$\mu_{\varepsilon}$๋Š” ์ „์ž์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ด๋™๋„(Mobility), $\mu_{e}$๋Š” ์ „์ž ์ด๋™๋„(electron Mobility), $D_{e}$๋Š” ์ „์ž์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(Diffusivity), $D_{\varepsilon}$๋Š” ์ „์ž ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. $\mu_{e}$ ๋Š” BOLSIG+๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ž ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ํ”Œ๋Ÿญ์Šค ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณ„ $\vec{E}$ ๋ฐ ์ „์œ„ $V$ ๋Š” Poisson ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

(12)
$\rho(\partial\omega_{k}/\partial t)=\nabla\bullet\vec{j_{k}}+R_{k}$

(13)
$-\vec{n}\bullet\vec{\Gamma_{e}}=(1/4)v_{eth}n_{e}$

(14)
$-\vec{n}\bullet\vec{\Gamma_{\varepsilon}}=(5/3)(v_{eth}n_{\varepsilon})/4$

$\omega_{k}$๋Š” $k$ ์ข…์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์œจ, $\rho$๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐ€๋„, $R_{k}$๋Š” $k$ ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, $\vec{j_{k}}$๋Š” $k$ ์ข…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ™•์‚ฐ ์„ ์† ๋ฒกํ„ฐ(Diffusive flux vector)๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋งˆ Wall์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์ž์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์ „์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์œ„์˜ ์‹(13)-(14) ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. $\vec{n}$์€ ๋ฒ•์„  ๋ฒกํ„ฐ(Normal vector)๋ฅผ, $v_{eth}$๋Š” ์—ด ์†๋„(Thermal velocity)๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ข… ํ˜น์€ ์ด์˜จ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ 2์ฐจ ์ „์ž ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์„ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์‹ (15)-(16) ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์šฉ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(8).

(15)
$\Gamma_{en}=\dfrac{1-r_{e}}{1+r_{e}}(\dfrac{1}{2}v_{th,\:e}n_{e})-\gamma_{i}\Gamma_{i.n}$

(16)
$\Gamma_{ฯตn}=\dfrac{1-r_{e}}{1+r_{e}}(\dfrac{5}{6}v_{th,\:e}n_{e})$

๊ธฐ์กด ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ „์ž, Ar ์ข… ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ด 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹๊ณผ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹(Ar*โ†’Ar, Ar+โ†’Ar)์ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋งˆ ์œ ์ฒด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ (a)์ „๊ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ (b)ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ „์œ„

Fig. 5. (a) Electric field norm $|\vec{E}|$ (E-field amplitude, $\sqrt[]{E_{x}^{2}+E_{y}^{2}+E_{z}^{2}}$) (b)Plasma potential

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ (a)์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐ (b) ์ „์ž์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„

Fig. 6. (a) electron density (b)electron temperature

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig6.png

3. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5, 6์€ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ circular TE11 wave ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ์„ ํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์žฅ๋น„ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ „๊ณ„, ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ „์œ„, ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„, ์ „์ž์˜จ๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ข…๋‹จ์€ ๊ธˆ์† ๋„์ฒด๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํŒŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ standing wave ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ Ar 400mTorr, slot ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ 5mm ๋‘๊ป˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5(a)์˜ ์ „๊ณ„๋Š” standing wave ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋ถˆ๊ท ์ผ ์ „๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์œ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” standing wave์˜ ๋ฐ˜ํŒŒ์žฅ์€ 23mm๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ์ „๊ณ„ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(a)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „์ž ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด ์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6(b)์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ „์ž์˜จ๋„๋Š” quartz window ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ 3.5V๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 25mm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ž์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 1~2V ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค(9).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. X=0(์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ์ค‘์•™), YZ ํ‰๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„ (a) ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜ : 1mm (b) ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜ : 7mm

Fig. 7. Electron density profile at YZ plane (X=0) (a) slot thickness: 1mm (b) slot thickness: 7mm

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ Ar 400mTorr ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(a)๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜ 1mm ์ผ๋•Œ์˜ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. circular TE11 wave ๋ชจ๋“œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์Šฌ๋ž ์˜์—ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ์™€ ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ „๊ณ„ ์ง‘์ค‘์˜์—ญ๋„ ์ข์€ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(b)์˜ ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค y์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ข์œผ๋ฉฐ, z์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„“์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 7(b), ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 7mm ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๊ณ„ ์ง‘์ค‘์˜์—ญ์ด ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์—์„œ ์Šฌ๋ž edge ์˜์—ญ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7(a)์— ๋น„ํ•ด y์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„“์œผ๋ฉฐ, z ์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ์ข์€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜[mm] ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ[mTorr]์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ[W] ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํšจ์œจ[%]

Table 2. Plasma deposition power [W] and Power transfer efficiency along the slot thickness[mm] and process pressure[mTorr]

pressure

depth

300

400

500

1

569.4

94.9%

568

94.6%

565

94.1%

2

571.3

95.2%

571.4

95.2%

570.7

95.1%

3

582.1

97%

581.3

96.9%

580.6

96.7%

4

587.6

97.9%

587.4

97.9%

586.5

97.7%

5

590.5

98.4%

589.7

98.2%

588.8

98.1%

6

589.9

98.3%

588.9

98.1%

588

98%

7

587

97.8%

586.8

97.6%

585

97.5%

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ (์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜ : 1mm)

Fig. 8. Electron density along the distance from quarz window and process pressure (slot thickness : 1mm)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig8.png

ํ‘œ 2๋Š” ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜(1~7[mm]) ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ(300~500[mTorr])์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์ฒด ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ณ„ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋Š” 600[W]๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์Šฌ๋ž ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 1mm์—์„œ 5mm ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 300mTorr ์••๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ๋Š” 569.4W์—์„œ 590.5W๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 5mm ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ์ดˆ์ž…๋ถ€์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์ „์ฒด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 3mm๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 300mTorr ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด 582.1W์—์„œ 500mTorr ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด 580.6W๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 1mm ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์••๋ ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 500mTorr ์••๋ ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 300mTorr ์••๋ ฅ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ง€์ ์ด ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 500mTorr ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „์ž์˜จ๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ diffusion length์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „์ž ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 15mm ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์••๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ณต์ • ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(4,9). ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „์ฒด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 3. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜[mm] ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ[mTorr]์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด ์ด ์ „์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜

Table 3. Total number of electron along the slot thickness[mm] and process pressure [mTorr]

pressure

depth

300

400

500

1

3.17e15

3.14e15

3.1e15

2

3.22e15

3.193e15

3.154e15

3

3.26e15

3.23e15

3.202e15

4

3.327e15

3.29e15

3.25e15

5

3.354e15

3.311e15

3.27e15

6

3.341e15

3.21e15

3.2e15

7

3.201e15

3.19e15

3.16e15

ํ‘œ 3์€ ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜(1~7[mm]) ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ(300~500[mTorr])์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด ์ด ์ „์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ[W] ๋ฐ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํšจ์œจ[%]์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ด ์ „์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๊ท ์ผ๋„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ(400mTorr)

Fig. 9. electron density profile along the slot thickness at the deposition region

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ(slot thickness : 3mm)

Fig. 10. electron density profile along the process pressure at the deposition region (slot thickness : 3mm)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.12.1670/fig10.png

์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์˜ ์ดˆ์ž…๋ถ€์—์„œ ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ ์–‘์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ ํ˜• ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ์–‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ๊ทผ์ ‘๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์‡ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์„ 400mTorr ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ, ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฉด(์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 25mm, ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ์ค‘์•™์—์„œ -100~100mm ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„)์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 1mm์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ x= โ€“100mm, 100mm ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ์ค‘์•™๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์–‡์€ ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ, standing wave ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ์ž…๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ „๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๊ท ์ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 3mm์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ „ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ neโ‰ˆ2x1017[1/m3]๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 5mm์ธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ์ž…๋ถ€์ธ x=โ€“100mm~-75mm ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 7mm์ธ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ์ž…๋ถ€์—์„œ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์Šฌ๋ž 5mm ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์€ ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 3mm์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฆ์ฐฉ ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ 3mm ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์••๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 2, 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์ด ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ์–‘์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฉด์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 25mm ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” 300mTorr ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ 500mTorr์—์„œ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ TE11 circular wave ์ „ํŒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ ํ˜• ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  slot ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํŒŒ์›Œ ํก์ˆ˜์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์ „์ž ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ณ„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋„ํŒŒ๊ด€์— ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ํŒŒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์–‘์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœํŒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์—์„œ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ • ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์ฟผ์ธ  ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ๊ทผ์ ‘ ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ์œˆ๋„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œˆ๋„์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ฐ์‡ ๋น„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ํก์ˆ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๋‚ด ์ด ์ „์ž ์ƒ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์Šฌ๋ž์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ 1mm๋กœ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ standing wave ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ์›Œ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ „๊ณ„ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๋ฅผ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์Šฌ๋ž 3mm ๋‘๊ป˜์—์„œ ์ „์ž๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๊ท ์ผ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2023๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€(์‚ฐ์—…ํ†ต์ƒ์ž์›๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์›์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(P0012451, 2023๋…„ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜์‹ ์ธ์žฌ์„ฑ์žฅ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…)

References

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R. Sang, H. Zhang, L. Long, 2011, Thin film encapsulation for OLED display using silicon nitride and silicon oxide composite film, 12th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Tech & High Density Packaging, pp. 1175-1178DOI
2 
M.K. Han, J.H. CHA, H.J. Lee, 2017, The effects of CF4 Partial Pressure on the Hydrophobic Thin Film Formation on Carbon Steel by surface Treatment and Coating Method with Linear Microwave Ar/CH4/CF4 Plasma, J. Electr. Eng. Technol, Vol. 12, pp. 2007-2013DOI
3 
W. SOPPE, H. RIEFFE, A. WEEBER, 2005, Bulk and Surface Passivation of Silicon Solar Cells Accomplished by Silicon Nitride Depositied on Industrial Scal by Mcirowave PECVD, Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl, Vol. 13, pp. 551-569DOI
4 
J.H. CHA, S.W. Kim, H.J. Lee, 2021, A linear Microwave Plasma Source Using a circular Waveguide Filled with a Relatively High-permittivity Dielectric: Comparison with a Conventional Quasi-Coaxial Line Waveguide, Appl.Sci., Vol. 11, No. 12, pp. 5358-DOI
5 
J.S. Kim, M.Y. Hur, H.J. Lee, 2018, Advanced PIC-MCC simulation for the investigation of step-ionization effect in intermediate-pressure capacitively coupled plasmas, J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys, Vol. 51, pp. 104004-DOI
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J. H. Cha, K. S. Seo, J. J. Jeong, H. J. Lee, 2021, Two-dimensional fluid simulation of pulsed-power inductively coupled Ar/H2 discharge, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 54, pp. 165205-DOI
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J. H. Cha, K. S. Seo, S. W. Kim, H. J. Lee, 2021, Two-dimensional fluid simulation of inductively coupeld N2/NH3/SiH4 discharge, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 035203-DOI
8 
COMSOL LAB, 2017, COMSOL Multiphysics User Manual, COMSOL LABDOI
9 
Michale A. Lieberman, Allan J. Lichtenberg, 2005, Principles of Plasma Discharges and Materials Processing, A JOHN WILEY&SON, INC PUBLICATIONDOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ฐจ์ฃผํ™ (Ju-Hong Cha)
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๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…(2013).

๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…(๊ณตํ•™์„์‚ฌ, 2015).

๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…(๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ, 2021).

ํ˜„์žฌ: ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ต์ˆ˜.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ: ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์žฅ๋น„ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ •๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.

ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜. ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.

๊น€์ƒ์šฐ (Sang-Woo Kim)
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ํ•œ๊ตญํ•ด์–‘๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž์ „๊ธฐ์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์ „์ž์†Œ์žฌ๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต ์กธ์—…(2020).

ํ˜„์žฌ: ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ : ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ณต์ • ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.

ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

์ •์„ฑํ˜„ (Sung-Hyeon Jung)
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๋™์˜๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…(2021).

ํ˜„์žฌ: ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ : ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ณต์ • ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.

ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

์ดํ˜ธ์ค€ (Ho-Jun Lee)
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์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…(1989).

์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ ์กธ์—…(๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ, 1996).

ํ˜„์žฌ: ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ: ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด, ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์žฅ๋น„ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ •๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.

ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜, ์ „๋ ฅ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ณต์ •๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.