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  1. (Electric Power System Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Korea)
  2. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Jeju International University, Korea)



Stand-alone microgrid, EV hosting capacity, Energy storage system, Matlab/Simulink simulation

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ตœ๊ทผ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ „์ฒด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์˜ 20%๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ œ์ฃผํŠน๋ณ„์ž์น˜๋„๋Š” โ€œCarbon Free Island(CFI) Jeju by 2030โ€ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ 4GW ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ(EV, Electric Vehicle)๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ €์žฅ์žฅ์น˜(ESS, Energy Storage System), EV์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์‚ฐํ˜• ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํŽธ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. EV์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ถ€๋„ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ณด๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ถ”์ง„ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค(1).

ํ•œํŽธ ์ƒ์šฉ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ(DG, Diesel Generator)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ESS๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘(PV, Photovoltaic)๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ(WT, Wind Turbine)๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ—์ ์ธ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค(2). ESS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”ผํฌ ์ „๋ ฅ, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ์กฐ์ • ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธด ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(3).

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์–‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ „์••์„ ๊ทœ์ •์น˜ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” EV์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ Matlab/Simulink๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์„ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , EV ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋”์šฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

2.1 ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์‚ฌ์—…์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(4). ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์šด์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ค๋™์ž‘ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ์— ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ค/๋ถ€๋™์ž‘ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(5).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„

Fig. 1. Diagram of voltage rise occurrence section

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig1.png

2.2 ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ณ ์•• ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ชจ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์–‘๋„์˜ ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํšŒ์„ ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์„ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ „์„ ์˜ ์„ ์ข…์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ ์„ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์†๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ , ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”์ง€์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„(Section)์„ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค(6).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํšŒ์„ ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋„

Fig. 2. Cross-sectional diagram of the real power system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig2.png

์ƒ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๊ณ ์••์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ „๋ ฅ(kW)๊ณผ ์ €์••์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์„ค๋น„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ๊ณ ์•• ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(kW)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ €์••์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ์—ญ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์„ค๋น„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ, ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์„ ๋กœ ๋ง๋‹จ์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ญ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ(์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ)๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์••์ƒ์Šน๋„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์€ ํ‚ค๋ฅดํžˆํ˜ธํ”„ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐฐ์ „์šฉ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์„ ๋กœ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ „์›์ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ญ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „์••์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค(7).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฐ„๋žต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 3. Simplified diagram of distribution line for calculating voltage drop

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ €๋„(Phasor Diagram)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ €๋„

Fig. 4. Phasor diagram for calculationg voltage drop

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์‹ (1)๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

(1)
$\widetilde I =\widetilde I_{R}+j\widetilde I_{X}$

์ด ๋•Œ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์••์€ ์‹ (2)์™€ ๊ฐ™๊ณ ,

(2)
$\widetilde E_{S}=\widetilde E_{R}+ R\widetilde I_{R}+ X\widetilde I_{X}-j\widetilde I_{X}R + j\widetilde I_{R}X$

ํ—ˆ์ˆ˜๋ถ€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ (3)๊ณผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(3)
\begin{align*} \widetilde E_{S}-\widetilde E_{R} & = R\widetilde I_{R}+X\widetilde I_{X}\\ & = I(R\cos\theta + X\sin\theta) \end{align*}

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ถฉ์ „์ธํ”„๋ผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” VPL์šฉ ESS์˜ ์ตœ์ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์„ ๊ทœ์ •์ „์•• ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ESS์˜ ์ถฉ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค(6). ๋จผ์ €, ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 2์ฐจ์ธก์˜ ์งํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๋ง๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€์ „์••์€ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ์ „์••์„ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํƒญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ €์••์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’, ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ž…์ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์œจ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ (4)์™€ ์‹ (5)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

(4)
$V_{f}(n,\: t)=V_{pri}(n,\: t)\times\dfrac{230}{V_{tap}(n)}-\triangle V_{d}\times f_{c}(t)$

(5)
$V_{l}(n,\: t)=V_{pri}(n,\: t)\times\dfrac{230}{V_{tap}(n)}-\triangle V_{e}\times f_{c}(t)$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $n$์€ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„, $t$๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€, $V_{f}(n,\: t)$๋Š” $n$๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์งํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์•• [V], $V_{l}(n,\: t)$๋Š” $n$๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ง๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••, $V_{pri}(n,\: t)$๋Š” $n$๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 1์ฐจ์ธก ์ „์••[V], $V_{tap}(n)$๋Š” ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ํƒญ์ „์••[V], $\triangle V_{d}$๋Š” ์งํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ถ„[V], $\triangle V_{e}$๋Š” ๋ง๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ถ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $f_{c}(t)$๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์œจ[%]์ด๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ์ „์ฒด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ ๊ทœ์ •์ „์••(220ยฑ13V) ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์„ ๊ณ ์••์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ (6)๊ณผ ์‹ (7)๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

(6)
$V_{\max}(t)=V_{1\max}(t)+\triangle V_{d}\times f_{c}(t)\times\dfrac{V_{tap}}{230}$

(7)
$V_{\min}(t)=V_{2\min}(t)+\triangle V_{e}\times f_{c}(t)\times\dfrac{V_{tap}}{230}$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $V_{\max}(t)$๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ „์•• ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์งํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์„ ๊ณ ์••์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’[V], $V_{\min}(t)$๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ „์•• ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ง๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••์„ ๊ณ ์••์ธก์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ’[V], $V_{1\max}(t)$๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์งํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••[V], ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  $V_{2\min}(t)$๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ง๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ์ „์••[V]์ด๋‹ค(8).

2.3 ESS ์šด์˜์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

์ €์•• ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ „์••์€ EV๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‚ฎ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์—ญ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ €๋… ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— EV ์ถฉ์ „์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ €์ „์•• ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(9). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ESS๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ถฉ/๋ฐฉ์ „ ์šด์šฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์„ ๋กœ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์••์ด ์ƒํ•œ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ESS๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , EV์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์†Œ๋ชจ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „์••์ด ํ•˜ํ•œ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ESS๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ „์••์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์‹œ์— ์ €์••์„ ๋กœ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

ESS์˜ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ์ถฉ/๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ชจ๋“œ, ๋™์ž‘์‹œ์  ๋ฐ ์šด์šฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฒ„์Šค์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋‚ด์˜ ์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ESS์˜ ์ถฉ/๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ชจ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ณ , ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •๊ฐ’์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ESS๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. ESS ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

Fig. 5. Control algorithm of ESS

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig5.png

์ด ๋•Œ, ESS์˜ ์ถฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์šด์šฉ๊ฐ’์€ ์‹ (8)๊ณผ ์‹ (9)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ถฉ์ „์ƒํƒœ(SOC, State of Charge) ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

(8)
$P_{dischg}(t)= P_{Load}(t)-P_{RES}(t)-P_{Set}(t)$

(9)
$P_{chg}(t)= P_{RES}(t)+ P_{Set}(t)- P_{Load}(t)$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ, $P_{dischg}$๋Š” ESS์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, $P_{chg}$๋Š” ESS์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, $P_{Load}$๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, $P_{RES}$๋Š” ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, $P_{Set}$๋Š” ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค.

2.4 Matlab/Simulink๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—์„œ ๋น„์–‘๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 4๋Œ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง๋‹จ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฃผ์ƒ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ง€์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 5๊ฐœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ํ‰๊ท ์ „๋ ฅ์ธ 3[kW]๋ฅผ ๊ณฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์–‘๋„ ๋‚ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ถ„ํฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๋ง๋‹จ์ง€์ ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋น„์–‘๋„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ EV ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ Matlab/Simulink๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ESS, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ EV ์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜, EV ์ถฉ์ „๊ธฐ, PV, WT ๋ฐ ESS๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ฉฐ ESS๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ๋น„์–‘๋„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 6. Biyangdo microgrid simulation model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig6.png

๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์—์„œ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋””์ ค์—”์ง„, ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ์—ฌ์ž์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 7. Diesel generator model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig7.png

๋ถ€ํ•˜, EV, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด Matlab/Simulink ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ 3 phase dynamic load๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ž…๋ ฅ์€ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์ƒ ๋ฐ ์—ญ์ƒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜• ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋„ 3์ƒ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, EV, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 8. PV, WT, EV, and load model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig8.png

ESS ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํŽ˜์ด์ ธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ESS์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ์€ ์ง€๋ น๋œ ์œ ํšจ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํšจ์œจ ๋ฐ ์ถฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถฉ์ „์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ESS ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 9. ESS model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig9.png

3. ESS ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

3.1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

๋น„์–‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์›์€ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋น„์–‘๋„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰ ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ „์••์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ESS๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ •, ์ „๋ ฅ ํ‰ํ™œํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ESS์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋น„์–‘๋„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ EV์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜์ธ 220ยฑ6%๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ธ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ESS, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ EV์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” 27.79kW, 35.96kW, 96.44kW, 9.81kW์ด๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์€ ์‹ค๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 20kW, 25kW, 55.5kW, 2.5kW์ด๊ณ , ํ’๋ ฅ์€ ํ’์†์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 20kW์ด๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

Table 1. Model parameters of a stand-alone microgrid

Category

Parameters

DG [kW]

80 ร— 2

Grid voltage [V]

HV: 6,600, LV: 220

Line impedance [ohm/km]

1.968 + j0.15

Line length [km]

7.2

load [kW]

170

EV [kW]

0 ~ 119

PV [kW]

103

WT [kW]

20

ESS [kW/1MWh]

500/1000

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ์˜ EV์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ESS ์—ฐ๊ณ„์ง€์  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ EV ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ—ˆ์šฉ ์ „์••๋ฒ”์œ„ ์ด๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ EV ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ๋Š” ESS์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” EV์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ

Fig. 10. Simulation model

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig10.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์€ ์ œ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฃผํƒ์šฉ(๊ฐ€์„) ๋ถ€ํ•˜, EV์˜ ์ถฉ์ „, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๊ณผ ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. EV์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์€ ๋‚ฎ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์—์™€ ๋ฐค ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์šด์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐค ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ๋ถ€ํ•˜, EV ์ถฉ์ „, PV ๋ฐ WT ๋ฐœ์ „ ํŒจํ„ด

Fig. 11. Power generation patterns of load, EV charging, PV, and WT

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig11.png

3.2 Case 1: ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

๊ธฐ์กด ์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ESS๋Š” ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ธ์ ‘ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์šด์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12(a)๋Š” 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „, ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚ฎ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ด ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ESS๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์†Œ๋น„ ์ „๋ ฅ์ด 140kW๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฉ์ „๋˜์–ด ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12(b)๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ง€์ ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์— ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. EV ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ „ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 12. Simulation results before EV linkage

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig12.png

3.3 Case 2: ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ์˜ EV ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ

Case 1์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ EV์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ EV๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, EV๋Š” ์™„์† ์ถฉ์ „(7kW)์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์ด 63kW๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ BUS6์— 14kW, BUS7์— 14kW, BUS8์— 28kW, BUS 9์— 7kW๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. 63kW EV ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ›„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 13. Simulation results after linking 63kW EV

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig13.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์€ BUS1๊ณผ BUS2 ์‚ฌ์ด์— ESS๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ 127kW ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ 170kW๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ EV 9๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13(a)๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— EV์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ESS๋Š” Case1์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฉ์ „์šด์˜ ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13(b)๋Š” ๊ฐ BUS์˜ ์ „์••๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ BUS8์˜ ์ „์••์ด ํ•˜ํ•œ์น˜์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ESS๋ฅผ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ธ์ ‘์ง€์—ญ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ EV์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 63kW(9๋Œ€)๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•„์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.4 Case 3: ESS ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ EV ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14๋Š” ESS๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ง๋‹จ์ธ BUS5์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, EV์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ธฐ์กด 63kW์—์„œ 119kW๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„๋กœ BUS6์— 28kW, BUS7์— 28kW, BUS8์— 56kW, BUS 9์— 7kW๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14(a)๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ „๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— EV์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ESS๋Š” Case1์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฉ์ „์šด์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14(b)๋Š” ๊ฐ BUS์˜ ์ „์••๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ BUS ์ „์••์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. 119kW EV ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ›„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 14. Simulation results after linking 119kW EV

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15๋Š” ESS์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ESS์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 1MWh๋กœ SOC์˜ ์šด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์ธ 10%์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ESS์˜ ์šด์ „์€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ESS๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ง๋‹จ์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” EV์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ 63kW(9๋Œ€)์—์„œ 119kW(17๋Œ€)๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ๋„ ์ „์•• ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ESS์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” EV๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. ESS์˜ ์ถฉ์ „์ƒํƒœ

Fig. 15. SOC of ESS

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig15.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16์€ ESS ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ BUS2์—์„œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ง๋‹จ์ธ BUS5์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฐ BUS๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „์••๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” BUS ์ „์••์„ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๊ธฐ์กด๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  EV์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ Case 3๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ 119kW๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ESS๋ฅผ BUS4์™€ BUS5์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” BUS5์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด BUS4์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16์—์„œ ๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰ ์‹ค์„ ์€ ESS๋ฅผ BUS3์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ์‹ค์ „์€ ESS๋ฅผ BUS2์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ „์•• ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ESS๋ฅผ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ์„ค์น˜ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „์•• ์•ˆ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16. ESS์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 16. Simulation results according to change in ESS location

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.1.170/fig16.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์–‘๋„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ EV์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Matlab/Simulink๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ ค๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘, ํ’๋ ฅ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ESS ๋ฐ EV๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋…๋ฆฝํ˜• ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์—์„œ ESS๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ •, ์ „๋ ฅ ํ‰ํ™œํ™” ๋“ฑ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ESS์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ ์„ ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์••์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ „์•• ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด์—์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ EV์˜ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” EV์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the 2022 scientific promotion program funded by Jeju National University

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์œ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ (Kyung-Sang Ryu)
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Kyung-Sang Ryu received B.S and M.S degree in Electrical Engineering from Korea University of Technology and Education in 2008 and 2013, respectively, his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Jeju National University in 2020, Korea.

He has been working at Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeju, Korea since 2013.

His research interests include distribution system, microgrid and energy storage system.

๋ถ€์ฐฝ์ง„ (Chang-Jin Boo)
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Chan-Jin Boo received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Jeju National University in 2001, 2003 and 2007, respectively.

Since 2014, he has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering at Jeju International University, where he is currently an Assistant Professor.

His research interests include grounding system, smart grid, and power system control.

๊น€ํ˜ธ์ฐฌ (Ho-Chan Kim)
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Ho-Chan Kim received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Control and Instrumentation Engineering from Seoul National University in 1987, 1989, and 1994, respectively.

Since 1995, he has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering at Jeju National University, where he is currently a professor.

His research interests include wind power control, electricity market analysis, and control theory.