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Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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  1. (Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Korea.)



Asset Management, CBRM (Condition-Based Risk Management), Intervention, Life Extension, MV (Medium Voltage) Switchgear

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„๋กœ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 20~30๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ์‹์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ TBM (Time-Based Management) ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” CBM (Condition-Based Management)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ Monitoringํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์œ„์น˜์— ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „๊ณผ ์˜จ๋„ ์„ผ์„œ ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ Monitoringํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[1]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Monitoring ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ Inspection ๋ฐ Test ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ•ด ๋†“์€ ์ž„๊ณ„๊ฐ’์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์›๋‚ญ๋น„์™€ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ์„ ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ Component์™€ Major Failure

2.1 Component๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ Component๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ Active Component์™€ Passive Component๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. Active Component๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋กœ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” Component๋กœ, ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ „ํ™˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. Active Component์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ (Circuit Breaker), ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ (Protective Relay), ๋กœ์ปฌ ์ œ์–ด ํŒจ๋„ (Local Control Panel), ์ „๋ฅ˜ / ์ „์•• ๋ณ€์„ฑ๊ธฐ (Current Transformer / Potential Transformer) ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Active Component๋Š” Monitoring, Inspection ๋ฐ Test๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•œ ์„ค๋น„์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ Refurbishment์™€ Retrofit ๋˜๋Š” Remanufacturing๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ Refurbishment๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด์™€ ์ฒญ์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ์กฐ์ • (์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค์ •์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…) ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. Retrofit์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์— ์ตœ์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Remanufacturing์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์™€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, Passive Component๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์ „๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ•  ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Passive Component์—๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ์™ธํ•จ, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๋ฐ ์• ์ž ๋“ฑ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ Component๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 1์— ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ Component์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

Table 1 Classification of MV switchgear components

๊ตฌ์กฐ

Component

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜

Active Component

์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ, ๋กœ์ปฌ ์ œ์–ด ํŒจ๋„, ์ „๋ฅ˜ / ์ „์•• ๋ณ€์„ฑ๊ธฐ

Passive Component

๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ์™ธํ•จ, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”, ์• ์ž

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€ (Regulator)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์šด์˜์ด ๊ณ„ํš๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด Passive Component์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค ๊ฐฑ์‹  ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์„ค๋น„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 40๋…„์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ„๋„์˜ Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Test ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ 20๋…„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค[2]. ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ Active Component๋Š” Monitoring, Inspection, Test ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„ Refurbishment์™€ Retrofit ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, Passive Component์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection ๋“ฑ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„ ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, Passive Component์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค ๊ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธํ•จ๊ณผ ์• ์ž์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Passive Component์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์šด์ „์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ Major Failure์™€ Minor Failure๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Major Failure๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, Active Component์—๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Passive Component์—๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์™€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ Component์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์šด์˜์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, Minor Failure๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ๋ฐ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ Component์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ์ด์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ Component๋ฅผ Active Component์™€ Passive Component๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ Component๋ณ„ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Active Component์™€ Passive Component์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 Major Failure

Major Failure๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ „์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[3]. ๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” Major Failure๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” Component์ธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„๋กœ์จ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ, ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜, ๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ Monitoringํ•˜๊ณ  Inspectionํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ Test๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณผ์—ด, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์†์ƒ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ทจ์•ฝ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ Inspectionํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ค๋น„ ๊ฐ„ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์†์ƒ, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋งˆ๋ชจ ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ Inspectionํ•˜๊ณ , ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋ฉด ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ Major Failure๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” Component์ธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.

2.3 Major Failure์˜ ์œ ํ˜•

๋ณธ ์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” Component์ธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Major Failure์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Major Failure๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[4]. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์  ํ˜น์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋•Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ญ์‹œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ์ง€์žฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ํˆฌ์ž…๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ ‘์ด‰ ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋งค์งˆ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Housing์˜ ์—ดํ™”๋‚˜ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋งค์งˆ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์•„ํฌ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Monitoring ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์กฐ์ ‘์ ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์ž‘๋™์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž‘์—…์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ Major Failure๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ Major Failure ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์—๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค[5].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์•„ํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ VCB ๊ณ ์žฅ

Fig. 1. Failure of VCB due to arcing

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1412/fig1.png

๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” Major Failure๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ์˜ ์†์ƒ, ๊ณผ์—ด, ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์—ดํ™”, ๋ถ€์‹, ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[6]. ๋จผ์ €, ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ ์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋จผ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ์— ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์™ธ๊ธฐ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ๋„ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ์˜ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ์˜ ์†์ƒ์€ ์†์ƒ๋œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต์ฒดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ Inspection๊ณผ ์„ธ์ฒ™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ด์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ €ํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ด์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ PVC ๋ถ€์ธ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ฒด์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณผ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐ„ ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณผ์—ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ Monitoring๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ Inspection ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ž‘์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์—ดํ™”๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ (๋จผ์ง€, ์ด๋ฌผ์งˆ, ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ, ์ž‘์€ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ)์ด๋‚˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ (๋†’์€ ์Šต๋„์™€ ์—ผ๋ถ„)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์žฆ์€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ถ€์‹์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์—ดํ™”๋Š” ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค, ์ฝ”ํŒ…, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์‹์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ ‘์† ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด์˜จํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ Major Failure๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์—๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค[5].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์•„ํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ๊ณ ์žฅ

Fig. 2. Failure of busbars due to arcing

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1412/fig2.png

์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ Major Failure๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์†์ƒ, ๊ณผ์—ด, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์†์ƒ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ, ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[7]. ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์†์ƒ์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋…ธํ™”, ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์†์ƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ (์Šต๋„, ์—ผ๋ถ„ ๋“ฑ)์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ด ์†์ƒ๋˜๋ฉด ์•„ํฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ด์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ „ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ๊ณผ์—ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ด์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์—ดํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ํ™”์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์„ ์ •๊ณผ ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ Monitoring๊ณผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ Inspection์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณผ์—ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์†์ƒ์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ, ์••๋ ฅ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†์ƒ์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ ˆ์—ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์†์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ค์น˜ ์‹œ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ค์น˜ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์Šต๊ธฐ, ์—ผ๋ถ„, ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ณผ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์‹์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” Tray์™€ Duct์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ ‘์†๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์กฐ์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ ‘์† ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณผ์—ด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์†์ ์ธ Monitoring๊ณผ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ Inspection ๋ฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ Major Failure๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์—๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค[5].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์•„ํฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๊ณ ์žฅ

Fig. 3. Failure of cable due to arcing

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1412/fig3.png

3. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

๋ณธ ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ์„ ์ง„ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ฐ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ฃผ์š” Monitoring ํ•ญ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž”์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ Inspection์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Inspection์„ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ 1970~1980๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์™ธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection ๋ฐ Test์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ Inspection์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[8]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ด์™ธ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ABB, Schneider Electric, GE, Siemens, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Hitachi ๋“ฑ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์„ ์ง„ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.1 ABB - SWICOM

ABB๋Š” SWICOM (Switchgear Condition Monitoring) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[9]. SWICOM์€ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ Monitoringํ•˜๊ณ , ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์ด๋‹ค. SWICOM์€ ์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„, ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ „์••, ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ Monitoringํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์›๊ฒฉ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์นœํ™”์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. SWICOM์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Inspection์˜ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. CBRM ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์„ผ์„œ๋กœ Monitoringํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์™„ํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „

Fig. 4. Development of asset management techniques

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3.2 Schneider Electric - EcoStruxure

Schneider Electric์€ EcoStruxure ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[10]. EcoStruxure๋Š” IoT (Internet of Things) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ IoT ๋””๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์™€์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” Monitoring ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„, ์Šต๋„, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ƒํƒœ, ์ „๋ ฅํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. EcoStruxure๋Š” Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Test ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋“ฑ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , Inspection ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ TCO๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์—๋Š” Schneider Electric์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต ๊ตฌ์กฐ

Fig. 5. Hierarchical structure for switchgear asset management

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3.3 GE โ€“ Energy APM

GE๋Š” Energy APM (Asset Performance Management) ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[11]. Energy APM์€ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ˆ์ธก ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค. ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” Monitoring ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง„๋™, ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ „์••, ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Energy APM์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Inspection ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ TCO๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. GE์˜ Energy APM์€ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์šด์˜์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์—๋Š” GE์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ Health Index ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. Health Index ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ

Fig. 6. Structure of the health index analysis model

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3.4 Siemens - Sensgear

Siemens๋Š” Sensgear ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[12]. Sensgear๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•œ๋‹ค. Sensgear๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŠธ์œˆ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ Monitoringํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. AI (Artificial Intelligence)์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” Monitoring ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ „์••, ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ์Šต๋„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Sensgear๋Š” Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection ๋ฐ Test ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ Inspection ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  TCO๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. Siemens์˜ Sensgear๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.5 Hitachi - Lumada

Hitachi๋Š” Lumada ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[13]. Lumada๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํŠธ์œˆ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ Monitoringํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Lumada๋Š” AI์™€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ๋ถ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์šด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” Monitoring ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„, ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ „์••, ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ฐ ์Šต๋„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Lumada๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž”์—ฌ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Inspection ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ TCO๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Hitachi์˜ Lumada ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์šด์˜์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์•ž์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ABB, Schneider Electric, GE, Siemens, Hitachi ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ Monitoring, ์˜ˆ์ธก ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ TCO๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…

4.1 Failure Rate

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด, ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ Major Failure๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” Component๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” Major Failure๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” Component ์ค‘ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ Failure Rate๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์„ ํ‘œ 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค[14]. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ VCB์˜ Failure๋Š” 100-CB-years ๋‹น ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 100๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋งคํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. Failure Rate ๊ฐ’์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” Component์ธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 5kV ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ Failure ํšŸ์ˆ˜์ธ Failure/year๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ ํ”ผ๋ณต์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ฝ 4.4๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Bare Busbar๋Š” ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋จผ์ง€์™€ ์Šต๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์— ๋” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ Failure Rate

Table 2 Failure rates of CB and busbars

Component

Year

Value

Source

VCB

(failure/100-CB-years)

72.5kV

2010

0.032

Utilities

(JPN)

Busbar

(failure/year)

Bare

busbar

1990

-

1993

0.01794

U.S. Army

Insulated

busbar

0.0041

U.S. Army

4.2 ๊ต์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ช…

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์˜ ์šด์ „ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ต์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์ตœ์†Œ 30๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Siemens์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ 30๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” Siemens์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ตœ์†Œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค[15]. EA Technology๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ 40๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[16]. Reyrolle์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์€ ์„ค์น˜ ํ›„ ์•ฝ 35๋…„์—์„œ 40๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ Intervention์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์ด 35๋…„์—์„œ 40๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์šด์ „๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” Intervention๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค[17]. ์˜๊ตญ์˜ EPN (Eastern Power Networks)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ 44๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ต์ฒด ์‹œ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์€ 44๋…„๊ฐ„ Failure Rate๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋ช… ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด Failure Rate๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค[18]. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์ธ Power and Water๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ต์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์ƒํƒœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Power and Water์—์„œ๋Š” CBRM์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ต์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ 45๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค[19]. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚™๋ขฐ์™€ ์—ด๋Œ€์„ฑ ํƒœํ’, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ๋ถ€์‹ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ฐ ๋‚ ์”จ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ํ‰๊ท  ๊ต์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด 45๋…„์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ํƒ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด, 45๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์ธ PHE ONWJ (Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore North West Java)์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ 30๋…„์—์„œ 40๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•œ๋‹ค[20]. ์ด๋Š” ์—ด๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•ด์–‘์„ฑ ์šด์ „ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, 30๋…„์—์„œ 40๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ต์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ๋ณดํ†ต 30๋…„์—์„œ 45๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์šด์ „ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ Intervention๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4.3 ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ์„ค์น˜ ํ›„ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์žฅ์•  ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection ๋ฐ Test ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ Refurbishment๋‚˜ Retrofit๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ Intervention ์ž‘์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Refurbishment๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ์†์ƒ๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ ์ ‘์ ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์˜ ํ”ผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ €๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋ถ€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Retrofit์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ์ตœ์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์œ ์ž… ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ์ง„๊ณต ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์‹  ์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[21].

์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection ๋ฐ Test ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” TCO๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ œ์กฐ, ์„ค์น˜, Monitoring, Inspection, Test ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ณผ์ •๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋‹คํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[22].

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ์ • ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค

Fig. 7. Process for determining the life extension of a power asset

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.8.1412/fig7.png

์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ƒ์• ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜๋ฉด, ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋กœ์จ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ต์ฒด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์šด์ „๊ณผ TCO ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ์ธ SPEN (Scottish Power Energy Networks)์€ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ Intervention์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[23]. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. SPEN์€ ์•ฝ 10,000์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ 11kV๊ธ‰ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 50%๋Š” 1950๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ SPEN์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ ํˆฌ์ž๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ต์ฒด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณต๊ธ‰์˜ ์ค‘๋‹จ ์—†์ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž RIIO ED1 (Revenue = Incentives + Innovation + Outputs, Electricity Distribution)์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. SPEN๊ณผ DNO (Distribution Network Operator)๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ Ofgem (Office of Gas and Electricity Markets)์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ทœ์ œ์ธ RIIO ED1์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  TCO๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. RIIO ED1์—์„œ SPEN์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ํ›„, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์™„ํ™” ์กฐ์น˜๋กœ Refurbishment ๋˜๋Š” Retrofit๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ Intervention์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. SPEN์€ 2015๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2023๋…„ 3์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ 12%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธํ›„ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด Intervention์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋…„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 50๋…„์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ Intervention์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: Intervention์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ

Fig. 8. Case study: Extending the lifespan of switchgear through intervention

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๋…ธํ›„ํ™”๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ์‹œ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋…„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ๋„ํ™”๋œ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฑด์ „๋„ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ๊ธฐ์— ์ทจํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด SPEN์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ Monitoring, Inspection, Test ๋ฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜์™€ Intervention์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐ Intervention์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ

Fig. 9. Performance degradation over time and lifespan extension through intervention

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5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” Component ์ค‘ Major Failure๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์„ ์ง„ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” Component๋กœ์จ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ, ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ Monitoring๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ Inspection ๋ฐ Test๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ABB, Schneider Electric, GE, Siemens, Hitachi ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection ๋ฐ Test ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ TCO๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Refurbishment์™€ Retrofit ๋“ฑ์˜ Intervention์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ฒด ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ Monitoring๊ณผ Inspection ๋ฐ Test๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๋„์ž…์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  TCO๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์—ฐ์žฅ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ฐ˜ ์ž์‚ฐ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ „๋ ฅ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government(MOTIE) (20217610100060, Development of ICT convergence remanufacturing and power facility asset management technology to increase 20% replacement life of aged switchgear) and Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government(MOTIE) (20217610100090, Development of remanufacturing technology through ICT/AI-based asset management for low-degradation aged GIS)

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

๊ตฌ๋ณธํ˜ (Bonhyuk Ku)
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He received bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of Transportation in 2023. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

์ •๋ฏผ๊ฒฝ (Minkyung Jeong)
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She received a masterโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of Transportation in 2020. Currently, attending a Ph.D. course in electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. Her research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

๊น€์˜ˆ์ฐฌ (Yechan Kim)
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He received bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of Transportation in 2023. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

์ดํ˜ธ๋นˆ (Hobin Lee)
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He received bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of Transportation in 2023. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

๊น€์žฌ์ƒ (Jesang Kim)
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He received bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of Transportation in 2024. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

๋ฐ•์ค€์˜ (Junyoung Park)
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He received bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Korea National University of Transportation in 2023. He is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

Herviana
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She received bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Hasanuddin University in 2012. She is currently a masterโ€™s course in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. Her research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.

๊ฐ•ํ˜•๊ตฌ (Hyoungku Kang)
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He received doctorโ€™s degree in electrical engineering from Yonsei University in 2005. He is currently a professor in Dept. of electrical engineering, Korea National University of Transportation. His research interests are high voltage engineering, power asset management, and applied superconductivity.