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  1. (Department of Electrical Engineering, Gwangju University, Korea)



PV Inverters, Power Capacitors, Deterioration Diagnosis and Compensation, Performance and Safety

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์ง๋ฅ˜(DC)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ(Grid)์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต๋ฅ˜(AC)๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••๊ณผ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์ „์••์ด๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ „์••์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์˜ ์ „์••์€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ „์••์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[1].

๋˜ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ €ํ•˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 10โ„ƒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ •๋„๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค[2].

์ „๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์ผ์‹œ์  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ AC/DC ์—ฐ๊ณ„(link), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์•• ํ‰ํ™œํ™” ๋“ฑ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ(Electroytic Capacitor)๋ฅผ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜(PCS)์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์Šค์œ„์น˜, ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ์†Œ์ž, ๋‹ค์ด์˜ค๋“œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ โ€œMilitary handbook 217 F, Reliability of electronic equipmentโ€์—์„œ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[3]. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด์•ก์˜ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ดํ™”, ์†์‹ค ์ฆ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์œ ์ž…์€ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „ํ•ด(์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์—ดํ™”์ƒํƒœ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „ํ•ด(์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ•ด(์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋„

Fig. 1. Distribution chart by failure element of power conversion system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig1.png

2. ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ถ„์„

์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šด์†ก์šฉ ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ธ‰์ฆ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹ ์šฉ ์ „์›, ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ์น˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š” AC/DC ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ํ‰ํ™œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด์•ก์˜ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ดํ™” ๋ฐ ์†์‹ค ์ฆ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์—ดํ™”์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ํ•ด์•ก์ด ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ESR(Equivalent Serial Resistance, ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ ฌ ์ €ํ•ญ)์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ชจ๋“œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๋ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํšŒ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ESR์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ˆ„์„ค์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹จ๋ฝ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”๋ง‰์˜ ์œ ์ „ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”๋ง‰์˜ ์‹ ์†ํ•œ ๋ณต๊ท€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋‹จ๋ฝ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด์•ก์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ „ํ•ด์•ก ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ถœ, ์–‘๊ทน๊ณผ ์Œ๊ทน์—์„œ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ด์Šค ๊ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์˜ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งฅ๋™์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด์•ก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋งฅ๋™์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ๊ฐ€์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™”์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์€ ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „ํ•ด์•ก์˜ ์ฆ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์š”์ธ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ ESR์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” DC ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ์†Œ์ž ๋Œ€๋น„ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งง์•„์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋น„์œจ์ด 60%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค[2]. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ์šด์ „์ƒํƒœ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”์š”์ธ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.1 ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™” ์š”์ธ

์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ๋Š” 12โˆผ20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ยท์ œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ , ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด ์—ดํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„, ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

ํ™”ํ•™์ ์ธ ์—ดํ™”๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์˜จ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ „์•• ์™ธ์— ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๊ฐœํ ์‹œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์—ด๋กœ ์ ‘์†๋œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœํ ์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด, ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ณธํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋  ๋•Œ ์ „์•• ์™ธ์— ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋˜์–ด ์ „์••์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ์กฐํŒŒ ์ฐจ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณผ์ „์••์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค.

3.2 ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •, ๋‚ด์ „์•• ์‹œํ—˜, ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ์‹œํ—˜(์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜ ์‹œํ—˜)์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์€ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „์••ยท์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํŠนํžˆ ์ง๋ฅ˜์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ „ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์—ดํ™”ํ•œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‚ด์ „์•• ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์ง„์ „์‹œ์ผœ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ๊ดด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŒŒ๊ดด ์ „์••์ด ์ œํ’ˆ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ดํ™”์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ „์•• ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์—ดํ™” ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์—ดํ™”์ƒํƒœ ์‹œํ—˜

โ€œ3. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โ€์—์„œ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์—ดํ™”์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ „์••์˜ ์•ฝ 1.7 ๋ฐฐ์˜ ์ „์••์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ 2๋ถ„ ํ›„ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •

Fig. 2. Capacitance measurement of capacitors

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig2.png

(1) 16V, 1,000uF ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ „์••์˜ ์•ฝ 1.7 ๋ฐฐ ์ „์•• 28V ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ 1์ฐจ 14%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 946uF, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 819uF), 2์ฐจ 13% (์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 975uF, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 851uF) ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ, 1์ฐจ 5.5% (์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 15.78V, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 16.66V), 2์ฐจ 5.7%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 15.75V, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 16.65V)์˜ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ.

(2) 25V, 3,300uF ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ „์••์˜ ์•ฝ 1.7 ๋ฐฐ ์ „์•• 43.75V์ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ 1์ฐจ 10%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 3,227uF, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 3,326uF), 2์ฐจ 7%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 3,326uF, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 3,095) ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ, 1์ฐจ 6%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 32.13V, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 34.2V), 2์ฐจ 6%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 32.09V, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 34.18V)์˜ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ.

(3) 50V, 470uF ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์šฉ์ „์••์˜ ์•ฝ 1.7 ๋ฐฐ ์ „์•• 84V ์ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ 1์ฐจ 16%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 447uF, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 421uF), 2์ฐจ 4%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 448uF, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 432uF) ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ, 1์ฐจ 3%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 20.92V, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 21.51V), 2์ฐจ 3%(์‹คํ—˜ ์ „ 20.97V, ์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„ 21.63V)์˜ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ.

(4) (1)~(3)์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ „์••/์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋ณ„ ์—ดํ™”์‹œํ—˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์œผ๋กœ 13~16%์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ์™€, 3~6%์˜ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ ํ•จ.

ํ‘œ 1 ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ „์••ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 1 Changes in capacitance and voltage magnitude of capacitor

Capacitor ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

16V, 1,000uF

25V, 3,300uF

50V, 470uF

์ ์šฉ ์ „์••

28 V

43.75 V

84 V

1ํšŒ

2ํšŒ

1ํšŒ

2ํšŒ

1ํšŒ

2ํšŒ

์ •์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰

(uF)

์‹คํ—˜ ์ „

946

975

3,227

3,326

447

448

์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„

819

851

2,917

3,095

421

432

์‹คํ—˜

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

127

๊ฐ์†Œ

124

๊ฐ์†Œ

310

๊ฐ์†Œ

231

๊ฐ์†Œ

26

๊ฐ์†Œ

16

๊ฐ์†Œ

์ „์••

(V)

์‹คํ—˜ ์ „

15.78

15.75

32.13

32.09

20.92

20.97

์‹คํ—˜ ํ›„

16.66

16.65

34.2

34.18

21.51

21.63

์‹คํ—˜

๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

0.88

์ฆ๊ฐ€

0.8

์ฆ๊ฐ€

2.07

์ฆ๊ฐ€

2.09

์ฆ๊ฐ€

0.59

์ฆ๊ฐ€

0.66

์ฆ๊ฐ€

5. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…ธํ›„ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™” ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์™œํ˜•๋ฅ (THD)์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[6]. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ

Fig. 3. Capacitor compensation module according to deterioration diagnosis

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig3.png

์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ 3.5kW๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ(็คพ)์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ DC ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์ „์•• 400Vdc ๊ธ‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ DC ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธก์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

Fig. 4. Capacitor deterioration diagnosis algorithm

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 5. Configuration diagram of PV inverter internal capacitor deterioration diagnosis using capacitor deterioration diagnosis module and compensation module

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 6. PV inverter performance test configuration using deterioration diagnosis and compensation module

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig6.png

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ A(็คพ)์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1,980 uF, B์‚ฌ(็คพ)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1,320uF์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ตœ๋Œ€ 2,000uF๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ์— 4,290uF(330uFร—13EA)์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์•Œ๋žŒ ์‹œ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฑ…ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์กฐ์ž‘์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒํผ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

(1) ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ฐ ํƒ€์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ค์ •

(2) ADC (ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ „์••) ์ธก์ • ํƒ€์ด๋จธ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ „์•• ๊ณ„์ธก

(3) ๊ณ„์ธก๋œ ์ „์••์ด 3V ์ดํ•˜์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ • ์ œ์–ด ๋ฆด๋ ˆ์ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ธก ์‹œ์ž‘

(4) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ธก์€ MCU์—์„œ ์ผ์ • ์ „์••์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ ํ›„ ์ถฉ์ „ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์ ์šฉ

(5) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์™„๋ฃŒ ํ›„ ๊ธฐ์กด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์„ค์ • ์•Œ๋žŒ๊ฐ’์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์•Œ๋žŒ ๊ฐ’์„ HMI๋กœ ์ „์†ก

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์‹œ์ „์••์„ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ผ์ • ์ „์•• ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์ „์••์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ(์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ •์ง€์ƒํƒœ)๋Š” ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ • ์ œ์–ด Relay ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๊ณผ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[7].

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ์ถœ๋ ฅํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ๋ชจ์˜์ง๋ฅ˜์ „์›์žฅ์น˜(DC Simulator), ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ „์›์„ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์ „์›์žฅ์น˜(AC Simulator), ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋‚ด๋Ÿ‰์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์žฅ์น˜(Dummy Load), ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ, ์˜ค์‹ค๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ5. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ณด์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜โ€์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด B์‚ฌ(็คพ)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1,320uF์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํšจ์œจ

Fig. 7. PV inverter efficiency with capacitor deterioration

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ํšจ์œจ

Fig. 8. PV inverter efficiency applying compensation module and deterioration diagnosis algorithm

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig8.png

B์‚ฌ(็คพ)์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์šด์ „ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰(1,320uF)์˜ ์•ฝ 20% ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ 300uF์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์•ฝ 90.79%์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์šด์ „์ƒํƒœ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[8].

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด 90.79%์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํšจ์œจ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•ฝ 95.35%๋กœ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 4.5%์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ

Fig. 9. Condition diagnosis using capacitor deterioration diagnosis algorithm

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ต ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํ‘œ 2๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(a)๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „ํ•ด(์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€๋น„ 50% ์ด์ƒ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์˜ ์„ค์ •๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ „ํ•ด(์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€๋น„ 50~25%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ์•Œ๋žŒ(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(b)), 25~10% ์‹œ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ์•Œ๋žŒ(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(c)), 10% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์€ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ ์ƒ‰ ์•Œ๋žŒ(๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9(d))์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ‰์ƒ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 2 Condition diagnosis experiment results using capacitor deterioration diagnosis algorithm

์•Œ๋žŒ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’

์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’

์ƒํƒœ์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๋žŒ(์ƒ‰์ƒ)

์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ

์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’

๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’

์ตœ์ดˆ๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€๋น„ 50%

์ด์ƒ ์ธก์ •์‹œ

์ •์ƒ(ํŒŒ๋ž€)

3857.8uF

3858uF

์ตœ์ดˆ๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€๋น„

50~25% ์ธก์ •์‹œ

1๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด (๋…ธ๋ž‘)

1449.1uF

1432uF

์ตœ์ดˆ๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€๋น„

25~10% ์ธก์ •์‹œ

2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด (์ฃผํ™ฉ)

483.0uF

476uF

์ตœ์ดˆ๊ฐ’ ๋Œ€๋น„

10% ์ดํ•˜ ์ธก์ •์‹œ

3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ณด (๋นจ๊ฐ•)

261.9uF

235uF

6. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘๋ฐœ์ „ ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ „ํ•ด ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „ํ•ด(์ „๋ ฅ์šฉ) ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ์—์˜ ์—ดํ™”์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ™”์ง„๋‹จ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ์—ดํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์‹œ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ฝ 4.5%์˜ ํšจ์œจ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šด์ „ ์ค‘์ธ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์—ดํ™”์ƒํƒœ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 2์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€๋™์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์†์‹ค ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ(THD)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ์†์‹ค์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2024๋…„๋„ ๊ด‘์ฃผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ.

๋ณธ ๊ณผ์ œ(๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ)๋Š” 2024๋…„๋„ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ง€์ž์ฒด-๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ง€์—ญํ˜์‹  ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(2021RIS-002)

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์œค์šฉํ˜ธ(Yong-Ho Yoon)
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received the Ph.D. degree in Mechatronics Engineering from Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, in 2007. From 2007 to 2011, he was with Technical Research Institute of Samsung Thales Company, Korea, as a senior researcher. Currently, he has been with Gwangju University, where he is a professor in the School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering. His research interests are in the areas of analysis and control of SRM and BLDC motor and renewable of PV inverter.

์ •์„ฑ์ธ (Sung-In Jeong)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2024.73.10.1738/au2.png

He received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Dongguk and Hanyang University, South Korea, respectively. And then he was responsible for the development of electrical machine and its drive at Samsung Heavy Industry, Samsung Electronics, and Daewoo Electronics, in order. After he received Dr.-Ing. degree from Technical University Braunschweig, Germany, he was in the Daelim Motor, South Korea. Since March 2018, he has joined Gwangju University, where he is currently a professor in the dept. of electrical engineering. His research and development field and interest included design, analysis and drive of electric machine for seamless e-mobility.